1. What do you know about brain cells? 4/6/16 Date:4/6/16Topic:Nervous SystemPage # ___ Homework share-out: Feedback Loops!

2. Today in Room 326/311… HW: Nervous System MCAS questions CONTENT OBJ: SW describe the structure and function of a neuron LANG. OBJ: SW verbally identify the parts of their candy neuron AGENDA: AS: What do you know about brain cells? (5 min) Neuron Structure/Function (10 min) Signaling Activity (10 min) Candy Neurons (15 min) Neurons and Muscle Contraction (15 min) Muscle Workout Activity (5 min) What makes muscles grow? (5 min) MCAS Questions (15 min) Date:4/6/16Topic:Nervous SystemPage # ___

3. Signaling* Two types of cells Neurons = produce, send, and receive signals Glial cells = protect, support, and insulate neurons

4. Neurons* What’s a neuron? Nerve cell: A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses Example? Run throughout our body Send signals to each other Relay messages to the brain JOURNALS OUT!!

5. Neuron Fun Facts Average # of neurons in the brain = 100 billion Rate of neuron growth during fetal development = 250,000 neurons/minute Neuron width is thinner than a human hair Speed of signal transmitted through a neuron = 250 miles/hour All your neurons lined end to end would span about 600 miles

6. Neuron Structure Why are telephone wires coated in plastic or rubber? Same with TV cords, cell phone chargers, etc.? The rubber insulates the electric signal! Allows message to be carried

7. Neuron Structure Neurons in the brain work the same way! The carry electric signals to and from the brain, so they need insulation to successfully carry the signal wherever it needs to go

8. Neurons connect to each other* k Action potential = peak of electrical impulse (must be reached to transmit signal) Head to tail orientation

9. Signaling Timed Trial Line up side-by-side while sitting in the floor You should be shoulder-to-shoulder with the person next to you Gently hold the forearm of the person to your right We are going to send a “squeeze” signal through the class. The first person will gently squeeze the second person, etc. When you feel a squeeze, squeeze your partner. I will time how long it takes the signal to reach the last person.

10. Time Trials Scenario 1: Arm TouchScenario 2: Leg Touch Time (seconds) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Arm Touch Avg. Time: Leg Touch Avg. Time:

11. Results Comparing the results, what would you say about each situation? Why is this the case? Some signals are transmitted through a series of connected neurons, and some signals are transmitted through a really long neuron (long axon) Which animal would you think would need really long axons to transmit signals throughout the body? Fun Fact: Length of giraffe primary axon (head to toe) = 15 feet

12. Neuron Structure* Today we will use candy to create a neuron that has all necessary components! All candies should be used. But it’s up to you how to do it! Hint: The red vines are hollow! Draw

13. Materials (per person) One paper plate ½ pull-and-peel twizzler One normal twizzler One fruit roll-up One hard candy Place on desk and DO NOT TOUCH

14. Make a Neuron! Using all the types of candy provided, make a neuron! Use your journal picture (and this one) to help you!

15. Now… With your table partner, place each of your axons next to each other in the way that axons are oriented in our body. How is the signal passed from one to another? *Synapse = small space that separates neurons

16. Signal Transmission* Neurotransmitter = a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber when an impulse (signal) is passed through By diffusing across the synapse, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber I will come give you some Nerds. Please break this into little “neurotransmitters” to place between your neurons to represent signal transmission

17. Draw & Label in Journal* What is this called??

18. Neuromuscular Junction* Place where motor neuron meets muscle* Motor neuron = muscle nerve cell*

19. Muscle Contraction: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=CepeYFvqmk4 https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=CepeYFvqmk4

20. Muscle Contraction* 1) Nerve impulse moves through muscle fiber 2) Calcium channels open and release calcium 3) Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other

21. Men Experience Labor Contractions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtR_-MINR1o Send “fake” nerve signals to stomach muscles to simulate the nerve signals sent during labor

22. Muscular System* See attached document

23. Stretches/exercises to feel each muscle

24. What Makes Muscles Grow? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tM1LFFxeK g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tM1LFFxeK g

25. HW: MCAS Questions See attached document

26. The Nervous System:

28. Homework Write a paragraph, using ALL the vocabulary learned today, that describes the transmission of a nerve impulse (signal) throughout the body. Start with when a signal first hits the dendrites of a neuron and how it ends with a muscle contraction (USE YOUR OWN WORDS!!!)

29. Next Day: Reaction Time Lab