1. Figurative Language Write what is in BLUE only! You must also write at least one example.

2. Simile A comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as”. –Example: As the girl was humiliated, her cheeks turned as red as an apple. (cheeks and apples are unlike) –Non-Example: The girl is as tall as her brothers. (The girl and her brothers are not unlike things; they both describe people.)

3. Metaphor A comparison of two unlike things by saying that one thing is a dissimilar object or thing. –Example –Example: Dad is a monster in the morning before he drinks his coffee. –Non-Example: Dad is a boat. (there is no clear reason for the comparison, so it doesn’t make sense as a metaphor) HINTS (usually contain “be” verbs, can be changed into a simile by including “like” or “as”, and the comparison should be obvious)

4. Extended Metaphor A comparison in which part or all of a poem consists of a series of related metaphors. Michael Jordan is an eagle. Soaring higher than the highest seagull. Looks so great in the air Aggressive like a bear Soars high and so free Not anything like you and me His home is Chicago, but not as of late. A new home is D.C. isn't that great?

5. Hyperbole An exaggeration that cannot possibly be true. –Example: Josie’s new friend is as skinny as a toothpick. (no person could possibly be as thin as a toothpick) –Non-Example: Josie’s new friend is as skinny as a fashion model. (since a girl could be thin as a model, this isn’t a hyperbole) HINTS Often intended to be humorous or fun. If it can happen in real life, then it is not a hyperbole.

6. Personification Giving human qualities to nonhuman things –Example: The sun smiled at the world as it rose in the morning. (smiling is unique to humans) –Non-Example: The pink flowers swayed in the April breeze. –(although humans can sway, flowers can sway too, so this characteristic is not unique to humans) HINTS- Sometimes an action (the sun smiled) or adjective (the angry wind howled)

7. Alliteration The repetition of initial sounds or stressed syllables in neighboring words. –Example: Hal Hit the house hard with the hammer. (most but not all words, start with the /h/ sound) –Non-Example: Andy hit the nail with the hammer. –(Only two initial /h/ sound words are separated by most of the sentence.) HINTS: Often used in brand names like Coca-Cola, Dunkin’ Donuts May contain words that do not start with the same consonant, especially prepositions and articles

8. Onomatopoeia Words whose sounds suggest their meaning –Example: The door slowly creaked open and then slammed shut! (creak and slam imitate sound) –Non-Example: “Hello!” I shouted into an empty house. (hello is dialogue and not a natural noise or sound) –Hints: Animal noises such as moo, meow, hiss, quack, oink, tweet Sometimes the sentence is exclamatory and ends with an exclamation mark

9. Idiom Words used in a special way that may be different from their literal meanings. –Example: When Bill joined the military, Dad she he was swimming with sharks. (there were no sharks; this means Bill was in a lot of danger) –Non-Example: After falling overboard, I saw that I was swimming with sharks! (words keep their literal meaning) HINTS : many idioms have historical explanation

10. Allusion A reference to a person, place, or event from literature, sports, history, movies, or the arts. –Example: Heather’s mysterious smile rivaled the Mona Lisa. (picturing the Mona Lisa helps the reader visualize Heather’s smile) –Non-Example: The Mona Lisa can be viewed in Paris.(the sentence states a fact but does not use it to explain or compare) HINTS : helps the author explain or describe. The reader must have prior knowledge of what is being referenced to get the allusion.

11. Oxymoron A figure of speech that places two contradictory words side by side for special effect. –Examples: Jumbo Shrimp Student Teacher hot chili

12. At this time, I will place you with a group/partner. You must find at least 2 examples of the figurative language you are in charge of from Bystander. When you are finished, continue reading as a group.

13. Look at the examples below from your novel and identify the types of figurative language.