1. The Universal Systems Model

2. The Universal System Models The four components of the Universal Systems Model are: The four components of the Universal Systems Model are: Input – What is put into the systemInput – What is put into the system Output – What comes out of the input and processOutput – What comes out of the input and process Process – All the activity that is required and take place to get the desired result.Process – All the activity that is required and take place to get the desired result. Feedback – The reaction of the input, output and process of a system. Used to reinforce or alter the elements of a systemFeedback – The reaction of the input, output and process of a system. Used to reinforce or alter the elements of a system

3. Transportation example: Sub System Cruise Control Steering Wheel Control Clutch Pedal Switch Brake Pedal Switch Vacuum Control Valve Allows the Computer to Reset Valve Cable to Throttle Valve Input Cruise Control Computer Set speed Process Vacuum Actuator Vehicle Speed Signal Feedback Throttle Position Sensor Output Throttle Valve Control Speed Provides Constant Speed

4. Communication System E-mail Input Email Process Send email over Internet to receiver's mailbox Output Receiver gets E-mail Feedback Receiver decides what to do with e-mail Computer Monitor Keyboard ElectricityCPU Email goes Through Internet Typing E-mail Gets read Not answer Save for later Answer

5. Construction System Bookcase Plans Tools Capital Materials Wood, Screws, Nails, Glue Input Hammer, Saw, Clamps, Screw drivers Process Gluing Sawing Building Output Feedback Finished Bookcase Correct Finish Sawdust Painting Staining Measuring Planning Noise SawingHammering Waste Correct Size Right Type Of Wood Smooth Finish

6. Medical Stress test Input OutputFeedback Process Testing Equipment Patient Test Facility Walking On Treadmill Electrodes measure heart rate X-ray taken Results are good Results Are bad Results are Incomplete Patient Gets tired from workout Test Results Are Collected Equipment Works to get test results Barium Dye injected for X-ray Time for Waiting for test Test Does Not Work DoctorNurse X-ray Technician