1. 1 18.1 The Importance of Classification I. The need for systems A. __________________ 1. The practice of __________ & ______________ organisms 1. The practice of __________ & ______________ organisms B. _____________ 1. grouped plants & animals based on ___________ similarities 1. grouped plants & animals based on ___________ similarities C. __________ and ____________ 1. grouped in basis categories such as oaks, dogs, & horses 1. grouped in basis categories such as oaks, dogs, & horses 2. Each unit called a “________”/ Latin meaning “___________” 2. Each unit called a “________”/ Latin meaning “___________” D. Starting in the middle ages genus names were made __________ 1. cats = _________, dogs = __________ 1. cats = _________, dogs = __________

2. 2 E. _____________ 1. Until 1700’s biologists referred to specific organisms with a ________ name followed by several ______________ words 1. Until 1700’s biologists referred to specific organisms with a ________ name followed by several ______________ words a. as many as _______ words were used example = European _____________ example = European _____________ Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, Pedibus posticis glabis, untrinque margine ciliatus Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, Pedibus posticis glabis, untrinque margine ciliatus F. Carl _______________ F. Carl _______________ 1. Swedish __________ published several books on _____________ taxonomy 1. Swedish __________ published several books on _____________ taxonomy

3. 3 2. As short hand he included a _____ word ___________ name for each species - example = European Honeybee – Apis ___________ 3. _______________ _______________ 3. _______________ _______________ a. ________ word system for naming an organism a. ________ word system for naming an organism II. Scientific Names are Universal A. For _________ yrs. binomial nomenclature has been standard A. For _________ yrs. binomial nomenclature has been standard B. ______________ __________ = the unique two word name for a species B. ______________ __________ = the unique two word name for a species

4. 4 C. Rules 1. Must be __________ words or terms constructed according to the rules of ________ grammar 1. Must be __________ words or terms constructed according to the rules of ________ grammar 2. Two different organisms ________ have the same scientific name 2. Two different organisms ________ have the same scientific name a. They can have the same _________ name a. They can have the same _________ name 1. ex. = Homo ________ & Homo ___________ 1. ex. = Homo ________ & Homo ___________ b. They can have the same ___________ name b. They can have the same ___________ name 1. ex. = green anole lizard = ______ carolinensis 1. ex. = green anole lizard = ______ carolinensis 2. ex = Carolina chickadee = _____ carolinensis 2. ex = Carolina chickadee = _____ carolinensis 3. The 1st word is the ____________ 3. The 1st word is the ____________ a. first letter ALWAYS ______________ a. first letter ALWAYS ______________ b. an organism is assigned based on major characteristics. Ex = oak trees – all produce ____________ b. an organism is assigned based on major characteristics. Ex = oak trees – all produce ____________

5. 5 4. The 2nd word is the___________ a. first letter is ALWAYS __________ a. first letter is ALWAYS __________ b. identifies one particular kind of organism in a genus b. identifies one particular kind of organism in a genus 5. ALL words are ______________ or UNDERLINED 5. ALL words are ______________ or UNDERLINED D. Scientific names are the _________ throughout the world D. Scientific names are the _________ throughout the world 1. Allows for less ____________ when discussing organisms that may have same ___________ name 1. Allows for less ____________ when discussing organisms that may have same ___________ name

6. 6 III. Hierarchy of Organisms A. __________ levels to classification (Humans as an example) A. __________ levels to classification (Humans as an example) 1. D = ___________ – Eukarya 2. K = ___________ – Animalia 3. P = ___________ – Chordata 4. C = ___________ – Mammalia 5. O = ___________ – Primates 6. F = ___________ – Hominidae 7. G = ___________ – Homo 8. S = ____________ – sapiens B. The 8 level system can be subdivided into more than ____levels 1. ex – superclass, subclass, superorder, suborder 1. ex – superclass, subclass, superorder, suborder

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