1. Essay Writing

2. Checking Exercises

3. Criteria of a Good Composition To Be Informed and to Be Enlightened Getting more information is learning, and so is coming to understand what you did not understand before. But there is an important difference between these two kinds of learning. To be informed is to know simply that something is the case. To be enlightened is to know, in addition, what it is all about: why it is the case, what its connections are with other facts, in what respects it is the same, in what respects it is different, and so forth.

4. This distinction is familiar in terms of the differences between being able to remember something and being able to explain it. If you remember what an author says, you have learned something from reading him. If what he says is true, you have even learned something about the world. But whether it is a fact about the book or a fact about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have exercised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when, in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means and why he says it. It is true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said and know what he meant as well. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.

5. The Basic Structure of a Composition A paragraph A composition the topic sentence the supporting sentence1 the concluding sentence the introductory paragraph the body paragraph 1 the concluding paragraph 2323

6. Proportion of a Well Developed Essay Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3 the beginning the middle the end the beginning the middle the end

7. Topic: How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

9. I. Introduction II. Solution 1. Laying down more roads and broadening the original ones 2. Opening up more bus lines inside or outside the city 3.Setting up more subways, light rails, interchanges and so on 4. Limiting the number of private cars 5. Improving people’s consciousness of traffic III. Conclusion: Combining the above-mentioned solutions How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic

10. Topic: Negative Effects of Urbanization

27. I. Introduction II. negative effects of urbanization A. the reduction of the grain output B. increasing environmental problems a. different kinds of pollution b. destroying the balance of nature C. too many peasants moving into big cities a. children’s educational problem b. housing problem c. traffic problem d. security and stability of the cities III. Conclusion

28. Homework Now many colleges and universities are asking their students to evaluate their teachers. Many students are excited at this, but most teachers seem to hold different opinions. Do you think it is a good idea? Work out an outline on the following topic and develop it into an effective composition in about 200 words: Benefits of Evaluating Teachers