1. Monday December 16 th 2013 QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Semester** OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

2. Tuesday December 17 th 2013 QU: How does cellular respiration allow life to continue? **CR Project Due Friday!!** OBJ: Finish Biome, Over Test, Start PRJ

3. Cellular Respiration

4. Plants and Animals… Plants - Autotrophs Plants - Autotrophs: ◦self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: ◦consumers. In what organisms does cellular respiration take place?

5. WHY? (cont.) Cellular respiration’s main function ◦Turn glucose into useable ATP ◦ 38 ATP per Glucose molecule ◦ Also forms carbon dioxide and water

6. WHERE? Cellular Respiration occurs in the… ◦Cytoplasm  Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm) ◦Mitochondria  Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix  Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Where does Cellular Respiration occur?

7. WHERE? (cont.) Inner membrane Outer membrane Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae

8. What happens in Cellular Respiration?

9. Thursday December 19 th 2013 QU: How do you think cellular respiration is similar to our respiration? **Make sure to BRING YOUR BOOK!!!* OBJ: CR Notes and CR Prj “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

10. WHAT? Cellular Respiration: ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) energyenergy (ATP)macromolecules (glucose). ◦catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O 2 ) requiring process that uses energy to extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose).  Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down  Makes CO 2 and H 2 O as well as energy (ATP)

11. AMP, ADP, ATP Adenosine Tri-Phospate: ◦Made of three things  1.) Ribose (sugar)  2.) Adenosine (base)  3.) Three phosphates ◦Key to the activity of ATP

12. AMP, ADP, ATP ATP works by losing the end most phosphate. As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate. ◦With each lost phosphate more energy is released This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contract muscles, etc

13. ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy AMP ADP ATP

14. HOW: Steps of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle and Substrate Level Phosphorylation

15. WHAT? (cont.) Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts. ◦1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose) ◦2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose ◦3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use **In total makes 38 ATP**

16. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm just outside of mitochondria. Two phases: Two phases: A. Energy investment phase -Put energy in B. Energy yielding phase -Get energy out

17. Glycolysis: Step 1 Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration Glucose (6C) Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP) 2 ATP - used 0 ATP - produced 0 NADH - produced 2ATP 2ADP + 2P C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C

18. Glycolysis: Step 2 Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) Pyruvate (2 - 3C) 0 ATP - used 4 ATP - produced 2 NADH - produced 4ATP 4ADP +4P C-C-C GAP (PYR)

19. Glycolysis: The final picture Total Net Yield: 2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR) 2 - ATP (You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH

20. Thursday December 19 th 2013 QU: How is energy released from the ATP? *CR Project Due Friday at the end of the hour* OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.”

21. “The In-between” The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each. Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA C-C-C (PYR) C-C Acetyl CoA

22. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Location: Mitochondrial Matrix Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C). It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule. ◦Oxidize: remove electrons for energy Mitochondrial Matrix

23. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 2 turns Total net yield (2 turns of Krebs Cycle) 1.2 - ATP 2.6 – NADH 3.2 - FADH 2 4.4 - CO 2

25. Friday December 20 th 2012 QU: OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project “In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.” StepLocationNet Gain of ATPs 1. 2. *CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour* **CR Quiz on Friday** ***Journals Due Friday***

26. Steps of Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

28. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Location: Location: inner mitochondrial membrane. ETC ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) make ATP. ETC is a series of transport proteins that pump H + and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

29. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) cellular respiration All NADH and FADH 2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH 2 converts to 2 ATP. Water is also made

30. Electron Transport Chain

31. Total ATP Yield… Total ATP Yield 1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle 2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_ mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_ mode=1

33. Fermentation Makes ATP without oxygen ◦Anaerobic Process  Only uses glycolysis

34. Fermentation Net gain of 2 ATP ◦By product is CO 2 and alcohol in plants ◦By product is lactic acid in humans  The burn you feel when you exercise

35. Friday December 20 th 2013 QU: OBJ: Cellular Respiration Notes and PRJ Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain) **CR Project Due at end of Hour** HAPPY BREAK! BE SAFE and MAKE GOOD DECISIONS!

36. Monday January 6 th 2014 QU: Are there more ATPs produced in Cellular Respiration or Fermentation? **Test 1/8 On Chapter 7** OBJ: Over Project, Practice Quiz

37. Tuesday January 7 th 2014 QU: **Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday** OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Stage of Cellular Respiration Location of Stage # of ATPs Produced (Net Gain)

38. Binder Organization: Ch 7 Chapter 7 Hand Written Notes Cellular Respiration Project Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer Cellular Respiration Chapter Review Chapter 7 Test Answer Sheet

39. WedNesday January 8 th 2013 QU: How did you study for this test? **Chapter Review to the HW Bin** OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test, Org Binder