1. ENZYMES Nothing much happens without them! 5.1-5.9

2. Laws of Thermodynamics (energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter)  1. Energy can neither be created or destroyed, only changed  2. All energy transformations result in an increase of entropy.

3. Energy-ability to do work  Kinetic-actually doing work  Motion  Heat  Light  Potential-stored  Energy of postion  Chemical

4. Chemical reactions  Endergonic-requires input of energy  Exergonic-releases energy  Cellular respiration

5. Metabolism  Sum of all endergonic and exergonic reactions in an organism

6. ATP

7. Energy coupling reactions  Using energy released from an exergonic reaction to power an endergonic reaction  When a phosphate is removed from ATP energy is released.  Adding a phosphate is called phosphorylation

8. Enzymes  Large protein  Biological Catalysts  Lower activation energy E A  Active site  Substrate  Induced fit

13. Factors affecting enzyme function  Temperature  pH  Some pesticides and antibiotics inhibit enzymes