1. Conceptual Gas Turbine Modeling for Oxy-Fuel Power Cycles TURBO POWER Program Conference 14 April 2011 Egill Maron Thorbergsson Department of Applied Mechanics Chalmers

2. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Cycle analysis of Graz cycle and SCOC Conceptual turbomachinery design Component optimization Full cycle optimization Project objectives

3. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Introduction Joint Chalmers University/Lund University project –Project started 18 th Jan. 2010 Design components for two cycles; the Graz cycle and the semi-closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle Develop design tools to design turbomachinery components in oxy-fuel cycles. Conceptual design work is divided according to: –Chalmers focuses on compressor design –Lund University focuses on turbine design

4. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak What is an oxy-fuel combustion cycle? Oxygen is separated from air before combustion –Working fluid is different –Carbon dioxide in semi closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) –Water (steam) in the Graz cycle  different design principles for the gas turbine

5. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak What is an oxy-fuel combustion cycle? Oxygen is separated from air before combustion –Working fluid is different –Carbon dioxide in semi closed oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC) –Water (steam) in the Graz cycle  different design principles for the gas turbine

6. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak What is a conceptual design tool? One step beyond traditional thermodynamic analysis by estimating the key dimensions of the gas turbine Thermodynamics, aerodynamics and mechanics constraints

7. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Conceptual compressor design In-house tool –Mean line design tool Handles non-ideal fluids (REFPROP) –Wright & Miller loss correlations Adapted to oxy-fuel gas composition Implemented in MATLAB Calibrated against NASA data (Ideal gases) Transonic compressors Suitable for double circular arc profile Selection of incidence angles and pitch-cord and aspect ratio based on McKenzie

8. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak SCOC-CC – Compressor Meanline design Sammak, M. et al. ”CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A MID-SIZED, SEMI-CLOSED OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION COMBINED CYCLE” ASME TURBO EXPO 2010

9. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Conceptual optimization approach ISABE conference in Göteborg september 2011. –Multicriteria optimization of conceptual compressor aerodynamic design

10. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Multidisciplinary conceptual design of a transonic high pressure compressor –Funda Ersavas –Started in November and will finish in June (60 credits) Master Thesis

11. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Cycle analysis of Graz cycle and SCOC Conceptual turbomachinery design Component optimization Full cycle optimization Project objectives

12. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak SCOC-CC Semi-Closed Oxy-fuel Combustion Combined Cycle TURBO POWER Program Conference, Gothenburg 14 April 2011 Majed Sammak Lund University

13. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Topics Introduction Calculations Results Papers

14. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Introduction Purpose –Combined cycle –CO 2 capture system Description Requirements –Competes with other CO 2 capture systems Post combustion –Chilled Ammonia –Advanced Ammine Pre combustion Oxy fuel combustion

15. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Introduction Requirements –CO 2 capture efficiency –Impact on environments –Energy consumption ASU CO 2 compression Integration –Availability Integration Components design

16. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Calculations 1.Changing the working fluid from Air to CO 2 2. Heavier gas, Lower speed of sound  Impact both in the cycle design and gas turbine design Thermodynamic properties UnitsAirCarbon dioxide CpCp kJ/kg  C 1.0050.846 CvCv kJ/kg  C 0.7180.657 R kJ/kg  C 0.2870.189 γ-1.41.289 ρkg/m 3 1.21.84 Mkg/kmol28.9 44.01

17. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Calculations 1.Cycle simulation: IPSEpro+REFPROP –Impact on cycle Oxy combustion COT around 1400 o C Gas turbine cooling from the compressor 30% from turbine inlet flow –Work done Mid-sized, semi-closed dual-pressure oxy-fuel combustion combined cycle 136 MW ( Gross power), 108 MW (Net power). Gas turbine cooling Optimization

18. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Calculations

19. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Calculations Single shaft -Complex + Higher rotations speed + Less stages Twin shaft + Simple -Bigger compressor -Lower rotations speed

20. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Calculations Single shaft (Turbine design) –Lower Speed of sound  Higher Mach number –Mach number limitations to 0.6

21. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Results SCOC-CC Compressor mass flowkg/s190 Compressor pressure ratio-39 Combustor outlet temp. oCoC1400 Gas turbine power, TurbineMW156 Gas turbine power, Compressor MW 67 Gas turbine power MW 87 Total heat inputMW230 Steam turbine powerMW49 Gross power outputMW136 Gross efficiency%59 O 2 generation + CompressionMW23 CO 2 compression to 200 barMW5 Net power outputMW108 Net efficiency%47

22. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Results Turbine design –N=5200 rpm –U=380 m/s –AN 2 = 40  10 6 –4 stages

23. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Papers Work Done: ASME paper: Conceptual Design of A mid-sized Semi- Closed Oxy-Fuel Combustion Combined Cycle, Draft- GT2011-46299 Accepted Master thesis: ”Parametric Blade Profiling Methods and Improvements on LUAX-T With Emphasis on Oxy-Fuel Cycles”, Jonas Svensson –Rapid 11 parameter blade profiling with start-value recommendations –Radiation from three-atomic gas

24. Chalmers – Egill Thorbergsson / Lund University – Majed Sammak Parametric blade profiling