1. SOFREGAZ LAGUNA-LBNO GENERAL MEETING HANASAARI - 25 th /27 th August 2014 LIQUID ARGON HANDLING Jérôme Sialelli

2. AGENDA 2LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities LIQUID ARGON TANK DESIGN CONDITIONS 1)ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES 2)INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES 3)BELOW GROUND FACILITIES a)LAr Filtration b)Boil Off Gas liquefaction c)Ventilation / Pressurization d)LAr processing room cooling e)LAr Tank cavern heating

3. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 3 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES MAIN PURPOSES OF ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: 1)RECEIVING LAr BY TRUCKS, RAILWAYS WAGONS OR ISO CONTAINERS 2)LAr BUFFER STORAGE & Above ground first filling facilities 3)WATER SYSTEM FOR COOLING DOWN BELOW GROUND CAVERN

4. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 4 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: Design parameters 120 m3 Unloading bay 1 Unloading bay 2 Unloading bay 3 FQ  Maximum Unloading Flowrate : 500 t/day or 20 t/hour on the basis of 24 hours/day unloading operation => 140 days for 50kt fiducial capacity or 6 months.  3 unloading bays – 20 m3/h each.

5. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 5 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: Design parameters 120 m3 Unloading bay 1 Unloading bay 2 Unloading bay 3 FQ  Maximum Unloading Flowrate : 500 t/day or 20 t/hour on the basis of 24 hours/day unloading operation => 140 days for 50kt fiducial capacity or 6 months.  3 unloading bays – 20 m3/h each.  One buffer storage for quality control and peak shaving purpose is composed of 3 pre-fabricated stainless steel vacuum insulated tanks with 120 m3 capacity [ 3.6 m x 21 m – 6 barg].

6. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 6 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: Layout

7. 7LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Quality of Lar at plant delivery could be different depending LAR sources if the case may be, this will be written in the buying contracts. At arrival product may be not conform either because it was not conform at departure or it has been contaminated by other products remaining in truck/railways tank before filling. ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Quality control Impurities levels to be measured are:  Oxygen : around 4ppm  Water : around 1ppm  Nitrogen : around 1 ppm For this purpose, instruments in line shall be used such as: AMI 2001 RSP for O2 - version 0-10ppm GOWMAC 1400 for H2O - version 0-2/0-20ppm GOWMAC 1200 for N2 - version 0-2/0-20ppm

8. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 8 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling water preparation 100 m3 Unloading bay 1 Unloading bay 2 Unloading bay 3 RAW WATER FROM LAKE To cooling water make-up interconnecting line TREATED WATER TANK (100 m3) WATER TREATMENT PACKAGE (Filtration + Deionization 2 m3/h) LAKE RAW WATER INTAKE SAMPLING QUALITY CONTROL FQ Waste water FQ PUMPING STATION

9. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 9 ABOVE GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling water preparation 100 m3 Unloading bay 1 Unloading bay 2 Unloading bay 3 RAW WATER FROM LAKE To cooling water make-up interconnecting line TREATED WATER TANK (100 m3) WATER TREATMENT PACKAGE (Filtration + Deionization 2 m3/h) LAKE RAW WATER INTAKE SAMPLING QUALITY CONTROL FQ Waste water FQ PUMPING STATION

10. INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES 10LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities MAIN PURPOSES OF INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES: 1)LAr first filling line between above ground and below ground facilities. 2)Normal operation water cooling down line. 3)Electric power feeders. 4)Other instrumentation & telecom cables.

11. 11LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities PIPING ROUTE AND PROFILE INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : LAr transfer line

12. 12LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 1 – PURGING : First operation consists in purging pipeline from air using GAr, GAr is taken from buffer tank and push air down, air and GAr are released to atmosphere at the bottom. 2 – COOLING DOWN: After that LAr flows inside the invar line, for cooling down it. Using only gravity even in vertical sections is not sufficient to prevent formation of gas plug due to heat entries through insulation with the low flow. 3 – START FILLING: To avoid a too small flow, we need to install a LAr pump (5 m3/h at 13bar, around 5kW). The pump is only used until liquid level reach around length 800m in the pipeline, at depth -300m, pressure with LAr column is 40 bar and there is no longer gas lock,flow increase until liquid arrive to the bottom. Duration of pipeline start up is less than one hour and some gaseous argon around 5 ton, is sent to the tank or vented at bottom until liquid arrives. INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : LAr transfer line – Start up of filling operation

13. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 13 INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : LAr transfer line – Start up of filling operation

14. 14LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities PIPE ROUTING AND PRESSURE PROFILE IN PERMANENT FLOW: Without pump, flow is limited by the point of end of horizontal route at level -375m, length of pipeline 781m, so head drop with the flow must be less than 41.6%. Material INVAR Outer diameter (mm)48,3 Thickness (mm)3,68 Inner diameter (mm)40,94 Flow (t/h)20,83 Height drop (%)33 INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : LAr transfer line pressure drop

15. 15LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities PIPELINE ROUTE AND PROFILE OF PRESSURE IN STEADY STATE INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : LAr transfer line

16. 16LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Interconnecting shaft (> 1m) VERTICAL PORTIONS HORIZONTAL PORTIONS } Piping culvert Wiring culvert Gallery (5 m x 5 m) INTERCONNECTING FACILITIES : Shafts & Galleries

17. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 17 BELOW GROUND FACILITIES MAIN PURPOSES OF BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: 1)LAr tanks for experiments. 2)Purify LAr during filling & normal operation to reach purity as per experiment’s requirements. 3)Re-liquefy LAr tank and piping Boil-Off Gas. 4)Maintain tank’s cavern at constant pressure & temperature.

18. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 18 BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

19. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 19 LAr Purification & control room BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

20. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 20 Concrete wall with Double locks Concrete plug (to be completed after hydrotest LAr Purification & control room BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

21. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 21 TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

22. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 22 TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

23. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 23 TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

24. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 24 Tank’s cavern Pressurisation & Ventilation Unit TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES 1250 mbar PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

25. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 25 Tank’s cavern Pressurisation & Ventilation Unit Commercial Liquid Argon Receiving Unit Liquid Argon Purification Unit TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES 1250 mbar PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

26. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 26 Tank’s cavern Pressurisation & Ventilation Unit Commercial Liquid Argon Receiving Unit Liquid Argon Purification Unit Nitrogen Refrigeration Unit TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES 1250 mbar 23°C PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

27. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 27 Tank’s cavern Pressurisation & Ventilation Unit Cooling Water Unit Commercial Liquid Argon Receiving Unit Liquid Argon Purification Unit Nitrogen Refrigeration Unit Emergency Venting Unit TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES 1250 mbar 23°C PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

28. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 28 Tank’s cavern Heating Unit Tank’s cavern Pressurisation & Ventilation Unit Cooling Water Unit Commercial Liquid Argon Receiving Unit Liquid Argon Purification Unit Nitrogen Refrigeration Unit Emergency Venting Unit TANK ‘s CAVERN FROM & TO GROUND BELOW GROUND FACILITIES 1250 mbar 23°C PROCESSING UNITS & CONTROL ROOM

29. 29LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities DOUBLE LOCK DOORS designed for 1 bar dif- ferential pressure REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL SEALS FOR DUCTS, PIPES & CABLES For person- nel 2 x 1 m For material 2.5 x 2 m (to be checked) Sealing for pipes & cables BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

30. 30LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities SLOPE 2% SPILLAGE DRUM AT LOWER POSITION SLOPE 2% BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

31. 31LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Covered & insulated & ventilated culvert for cryogenic pipes (LAr filling & circulation + LN2 & GN2) Non cryogenic pipes covered culvert ( Cooling water, Pure water, Instrument air, LSc,…) Power cables covered culvert Instrumentation cables rack Pressurization ducts Stainless steel sheet (1 mm thickness) PU foam (10 cm thickness) Liquefied BOG GN2 LN2 LAr circulation BELOW GROUND FACILITIES

32. 32LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities For these products quantity of impurity they catch at -184°C  For O2 :0.005kg O2/kg GM133 (33% of what GM133 catch at 25°C:13 g/kg)  For H2O:0.02kg H2O/kg mol sieve 4A Filters are filled with a layer of GM133 and a layer of mol sieve 4A, per volume proportion of mol sieve is 4%. Four purification operating cases shall be considered: molsieve 4A GM133 BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Purification Filtration Operation Recirculation during operation Filling of tank Recirculation during filling Boil Off filtration mass tons73000 Duration168 hours 6 months All the time Flow (m3/h)31515502 O2 equivalent at inlet ppb0,0304,000,0001,000 O2 equivalent at outlet ppb0,0201,0000,0300,020 flow kg/hr434 52420 71569 0502 902 number of in parallel filters4111 flow per filter kg/h108 63120 71569 0502 902

33. 33LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities LAr Purification Bottles of H2 Electric heater Adsorbent bed: diameter : 1 m Height : 2.8 m To vent BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Purification

34. 34LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities For the operation of purification during filling of tank, flow of oxygen with argon is 66gr/hour and capacity of filter is 2,200kg GM133 than can catch 11kg O2. So filter lasts 166hours or 1 week. Filter loaded with O2 and H2O will be regenerated in situ by circulating in the filter with fixed piping argon at 210°C with 2% H2, this fluid will regenerate simultaneously mol sieve and de- oxidate CuO of GM133. Number of regenerations of 1 diameter1m*2.7m filter during filling of tank will be around 21, or 230kg O2 to be removed. Quantity of H2 from H2+1/2O2= H2O required is 29kg, so H2 will be delivered in compressed form in bottles. Fixed equipment for regeneration of 1 filter in 9 hours, include: Compressor :5.5kW Electric heater : 49kW LN2/Gar heat exchanger:30kW Water/Gar heat exchanger :117kW BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Purification

35. 35LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities For purification during filling and recirculation during filling, purified product content can be tested with DELTA 760 with 75ppt LDL for O2 and 200ppt for H2O. For filtration during operation purity after filtration is 20ppt O2, and DF760 cannot go to so low content. For ICARUS T600 small TPC detectors: diameter 80mm,with 188mm drift with xenon lamp /optical fiber /Au,Ga,As,Cd, Zn,Te photocathode to generate electrons, were installed. With detector in tank, either special or using detector in place with electron generator at bottom, with 1 week to circulate the volume of the tank answer will be long and have no interest An in line, low drift speed, low voltage, TPC is maybe not too costly but as there is nothing to do if filtration doesn’t work! better is to wait for the measure with attenuation during normal operation. BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Purification

36. 36LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Heat to be removed for the different operation periods: BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: BOG reliquefaction Heat during operation (all in kW)20kt50kt100kt Total heat during filling (kW)207225250 Total heat in operation (kW)103126159 Nitrogen units in operation during filling222 Nitrogen units in operation during operation of detector 111 Cooling power of one nitrogen unit104127160 Tank size20kt50kt100kt Cooling power of each unit (kW)104127159 Electric power required (kW)143517522194 Max mean cooling power (filling ) (kW)207225250 Thermal power to heat sink at 36°C(kW)155216871875 Characteristics of Nitrogen closed cooling loops

37. 37LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Nitrogen is selected in LAGUNA for the 2 nitrogen loops used for argon boil off gas re-condensation. Condensation is made using liquid nitrogen at 1,5 barg and -187,1°C in a cross current heat exchanger located on the deck of the tank. ARGON HEAT EXCHANGER NITROGEN COMPRESSOR M EXPANDER TANK CAVERN PROCESSING AND CONTROL ROOM LIQUID ARGON TO & FROM PURIFICATION UNIT DPT 20 mbar LN2 buffer tank BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: BOG reliquefaction Liquid nitrogen is introduced at bottom of exchanger and exits on top in gaseous state. Gaseous argon coming from the tank enters at top of exchanger and exits on bottom in liquid form.

38. 38LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities With constant speed centrifugal ventilator sending air into the cavern, flow vary with differential, pressure control of pressure in the cavern to maintain constant pressure of 250 mbarg while atmospheric pressure vary from 1,100mbar to 1,200mbar, is done by the opening of the outlet control valve. ARGON TANK EXCAVATION M PDC PRESSURIZER HEATER 1,250 mbar TC 23° C BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Pressurization & ventilation of tank’s cavern

39. NITROGEN SUPPLY AND STORAGE FOR LAGUNA 39LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities PSA UNIT ARGON DPT HEAT EXCHANGER N2 COMPRE SSOR M EXPANDER HEAT EXCHANGER N2 COMPRE SSOR M LN2 buffer tank with coil EXPANDER LSHL PC Nitrogen losses are around 25kg/h so Nitrogen make-up shall be provided either by time to time LN2 trucks or by on-site production using PSA

40. 40LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Control of pressure in the tank is done by controlling the boil off re condensation flow by adjusting the flow of liquid nitrogen acting on the flow of nitrogen compressor or in on off operation. BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: LAr Purification

41. 41LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling system tank size20kt50kt100kt Total boil off recondensation heat during filling (kW)207225250 Total boil off re condensation heat during operation (kW)103126159 Heat generated by nitrogen loop used for argon condensation = 7,5 time the maximum of the 2 above powers (kW)155716921879 Heat removed by tank boil off (kW)-25-43-68 Heat removed by underground piping and equipment-15 Other heat sources(equipment outside tank, lighting, instruments)233,253281 Total heat (kW)1,7501,8882,078 Heat to be removed :

42. 42LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities PC < TANK CAVERN PROCESSING UNITS CAVERN PC COOLING TOWER HEATER M EXHAUST DUCT COOLING WATER MAKE-UIP Hot water loop Cooling water loop N2 coolers 1,250 mbar TC 23°C 10 ’’ boil off line BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling & heating systems In order to avoid a closed or open cooling water system with 6 to 8 inches diameter pipes and high pressure water pumps, we propose to use a water evaporative system (evaporated water is sent to the general ventilation system) also used for heating the tank’s cavern by a hot water closed loop

43. 43LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities cool c Evaporative cooling system uses air specific heat (15% of removed heat ) and water vaporisation ( 85% of removed heat), water consumption is 2.7m3/h and pipeline from surface with head drop less than 325/781=41.6% is ¾’’ OD 26.7mm Another advantage is that in case of boil off condensation system is out of order, boil off flow can be mixed with upstream ventilator pushing mixture to surface. It requires 120mbar ( case of cold argon) or 35mbar (ambient argon ) to go to surface. Without the system, as maximum pressure in tank is close to operation pressure (15mbar) it is impossible to go to surface if atmospheric pressure is high. BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling

44. 44LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities Circuit of air for 30m3/s air for evaporative water cooling is as follow. Humid air can be ducted in a 1300 mm flexible hose, in the case a 33°C and 100% humidity flow in the gallery used for rejection is not acceptable. Air in 22°C, 30 m3/s Humid air out 32.7°C 33m3/s BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Cooling / Ventilation

45. LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities 45 BELOW GROUND FACILITIES: Layout

46. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 46LAGUNA-LBNO LAr-Process Facilities