1. DUNE Single Phase Prototype Cryostat overview David Montanari / Jack Fowler / Dimitar Mladenov Apr 17, 2015 Rev. 15

2. Outline Intro Cryostat Top cap Infrastructures Outstanding issues Summary 2Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype

3. Intro The goal of this prototype is to do a test of a full scale single phase TPCs at CERN EHN1 (before the long-shut down in mid 2018). Each panel is about 2.5 m wide, 6.3 m tall and 0.16 m thick and weights about 600 kg. Changed reference configuration: APA-CPA-APA. TPCs are currently hung from the top plate, but there is a proposal to decouple them from the the top plate and hung the TPC support rails from a bridge across the roof of the cryostat supported on the floor of the building. New Drift distance: 3,600 mm. Studying the feasibility to be able to run with 2,500 mm drift distance (e.g. by moving APAs inward). Current internal dimensions: 7,826 mm (Transv) x 8,874 mm (Parallel) x 8,073 mm (Height). Current external dimensions: 10,630 mm (Transv) x 11,678 mm (Parallel) x 10,977 mm (Height). Assumes a 500 mm steel support structure. 3Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype

4. ParameterValue Type of structureMembrane cryostat Membrane material SS 304/304L, 316/316L or equivalent. Other materials upon approval. FluidLiquid Argon (LAr) Outside reinforcement (Support structure) Self standing steel enclosure. Might include heaters to prevent steel from freezing. TPC size (Field Cage + Frame) APA-CPA-APA Configuration Width: 7,482 mm (Transverse to beam) Length: 7,322 mm (Parallel to beam) Total Height: 6,305 mm Drift distance3,600 mm Minimum clearance of TPC (Back)1,200 mm (APA bar to the tip of the corrugation) * Minimum clearance of TPC (Sides)150 mm (APA bar to the tip of the corrugation) * Minimum clearance of TPC (Front)360 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) * Minimum clearance of TPC (Floor) 360 mm clearance + 165 mm of pipes on the floor 525 mm (CPA bar to the tip of the corrugation) * Depth of LAr above TPC510 mm (Over the CPA bar) Minimum depth of LAr inside cryostat7,253 mm (from the floor) Ullage820 mm (to match the Far Detector to test TPC supports) Maximum static heat leak 10 W/m 2 (Sides/Floor) 15 W/m 2 (Roof) Cryostat Requirements – 1 4 Note (*): The TPC clearances need to be verified to allow for installation of TPC from inside the cryostat. Also, need to leave clearance for the beam window (if needed). Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype

5. ParameterValue Vapor barrierStainless steel plates (part of support structure) Insulation thickness900 mm Secondary barrierGTT design (sandwiched within the insulation). Liquid tight. Membrane thickness (GTT)1.2 mm (assumed 2 mm to calculate outer structure) Minimum inner dimensions cryostat 7,826 mm (Transverse) x 8,874 mm (Parallel) x 8,073 m (H) * (flat plate to flat plate) – (Approximate dimensions) Operating gas pressurePositive pressure. Nominally 70 mbar (~1 psig) Design Pressure345 mbarg (~5 psig) Design Temperature77 K (liquid Nitrogen temperature for flexibility) Leak tightness1E-6 mbar*l/sec All surfaces in the ullage during operations< 100K Penetrations -1 Side penetration through the membrane at the lowest possible/practical elevation for LAr circulation and purification. -2 Beam windows. See location on drawings. Size TBD. Accessibility after operations Capability to empty the cryostat in 30 days and access it in 60 days after shutdown. Lifetime / Thermal cyclesConsistent with LAr program. 20 cool down and total warm ups. Cryostat Requirements – 2 5Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note (*): The dimensions are approximate.

6. ParameterValue Configuration Self standing steel enclosure. Might include embedded heaters to prevent steel from freezing (Floor + Sides). Vapor barrierStainless steel plates connected to the I-beams of the support structure. Minimum Inner dimensions9,630 mm (Transverse) x 10,678 mm (Parallel) x 9,877 mm (H) Design Pressure345 mbarg (~5 psig) LAr + GAr load -927 ton (Bottom) -478 ton (Long side) -422 ton (Short side) Uplift force (top)-239 ton (GAr) Additional loads -Loads transferred from the top plate down to the support structure -Grading at the top (TBD) -External loads of counters (if any) Seismic loadCERN regulation Penetrations -1 side penetration from the inner membrane at the lowest possible/practical elevation for LAr circulation and purification. -2 Beam windows. See location on drawings. Dimensions TBD. -4 side penetrations for GAr purge in insulation (2 In, 2 Out). Location and size TBD. Maximum deflection towards outsideTBD Outer Structure 6Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype

7. Cryostat DUNE Single Phase Prototype7Apr 17, 2015 Outer Structure Detector panels Insulation Membrane

8. EHN1 DUNE Single Phase Prototype8 WA105 cryostat Pit B Bridge Crane Single Phase Test cryostat Apr 17, 2015

9. Crane clearance above cryostat DUNE Single Phase Prototype9 Hook height 9,900 mm above gallery floor Current hook height above cryostat as modeled 7,923 mm top cap thickness included. It currently leaves 1,318 mm of clearance for rigging and handling of TPC panels). Pit B depth 9,000 mm Apr 17, 2015

10. Plan view (From Ilias) DUNE Single Phase Prototype10Apr 17, 2015 WA105 cryostat Pit B Single Phase Test cryostat Bridge Crane

11. Side view of cryostat w beam orientation DUNE Single Phase Prototype11 Top cap Outer Structure Liquid level Detector panels Insulation Membrane ~6° 5,000 mm Beam Apr 17, 2015 Note: Drawing NOT to scale. Old TPC configuration to show the ideal beam entry point.

12. Top view of cryostat w beam orientation ~10° Primary Orientation 10° Outer structure Insulation Membrane Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype12 Note: Drawing NOT to scale. Old TPC configuration to show the ideal beam entry point.

13. End view of cryostat w beam orientation 13 5,000 mm ~1,500 mm Beam entrance points on the upstream side of the cryostat: Primary location: at the center of the cryostat (North-South direction) and ~5,000 mm from the floor. Secondary location (if available): same height as the primary beam position, but with 1,500 mm offset to the North. North South Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note: Drawing NOT to scale. Old TPC configuration to show the ideal beam entry point.

14. Beam Window The design of the beam window has started at LBNL (Tim Loew). As the configuration of the cryostat is fixed, it will proceed and pick up speed. Currently looking a long narrow window or multiple round ports to allow for sweeping the beam either vertically or horizontally. DUNE Single Phase Prototype14Apr 17, 2015

15. ParameterValue Configuration Metal plate reinforced with profiles/beams anchored to the membrane cryostat support structure with several penetrations of different size including two hatches and a manhole. The hatches shall be designed to be removable. If welded, provisions shall be made to allow for removal and re- welding six (6) times. DimensionsTo match the cryostat: 10,630 mm x 11,678 mm x 1,500 mm (thick) Plate/Trusses non-wet material Steel if room temperature. SS 304/304L or equivalent if at cryogenic temperature. Wet materialSS 304/304L, 316/316L or equivalent. Other materials upon approval. FluidLiquid Argon (LAr) Design Pressure345 mbar (~5.0 psig) Design Temperature77 K (liquid Nitrogen temperature for flexibility) Maximum allowable roof deflection (*)0.003 differential between APA and CPA Pressure stability inside the tank No requirements, as long as the roof deflection is within le limit. Same for atmospheric pressure variations. Maximum static heat leak15 W/m^2 (Greater than sides/bottom to allow for the penetrations) Max vibration No problem < 1 kHz Worst is 100 kHz All surfaces in the ullage during operations≤ 100K Cryostat Top Requirements – 1 15Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note (*): This may require decoupling the TPC support from the top. We are now looking at an external bridge over the top plate supported on the floor of the building.

16. ParameterValue Two hatch openings for TPC installation (*)?? 3,550 mm x 2,000 mm (in the current installation model) ?? Grounding plate1.6 mm thick copper sheet brazed to the bottom of the top plate. Lifting fixtures Appropriate for positioning the top and the different parts that constitute it. Cold penetrationsMinimum 4. Location and design TBD. Lifetime / Thermal cycles Consistent with the LAr program TBD. All surfaces in the ullage during operations< 100K Additional design loads -Top self-weight (including stiffening beams, membrane, insulation, etc.) -TPC (5,400 Kg total) -TPC anchors (TBD) -Live load (488 kg/m^2) -Electronics racks (400 kg in the vicinity of the feedthroughs) -Services (150 kg on every feed through) Seismic loadCERN requirement TPC anchors Capacity: 3,000 kg each anchor. Number and location TBD (Minimum 6). Grounding plate 1.6 mm thick copper sheet brazed to the bottom of the top plate (LBN proposed design – TO BE VERIFIED). Cryostat Top Requirements – 2 16Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note (*): The installation process is being studied. Size and location of the hatch(es) might change.

17. ParameterValue Penetrations -1 LAr In -1 Purge GAr In -1 Vent GAr -2 Pressure Safety Valves -1 Vacuum Safety Valve -1 GAr boil off to condenser -1-2 Liquid level sensors -1-2? Instrumentation? Purity Monitors? Light pulsers?? -1 Temperature sensors feedthroughs ? -1 LAr for cool down -1 GAr for cool down -TPC signal 12” CF Cold -3 TPC feed through each row (250mm CF) regardless of TPC configuration -1 Photon Detector for APA (10” CF) Cold -Calibration ?? LifetimeConsistent with LAr program Thermal cycles20 cool down and total warm-ups? Cryostat Top Requirements – 3 17Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note: all feedthroughs need a purge port to ensure that the top flange is warm and no back diffusion brings contaminants back into the cryostat. The design is connected to the installation procedure. We might be testing both drift distances 3,600 and 2,500 mm.

18. Preliminary thinking on top design (OLD) Apr 17, 201518DUNE Single Phase Prototype Large hatch Reinforcements Penetrations Large hatch Beam Note: the design has changed and we need to fold in the changes in the top plate model.

19. Detector Installation Plan The current model is to install the detector panels by passing TPC components through a large hatch (dimensions depend on the TPC configuration) in the top cap of the cryostat and connect them to the bridge supported on the floor. The current plans for the LBNF Far Detector also feature an external support for the TPCs. See Jack’s talk. DUNE Single Phase Prototype19Apr 17, 2015

20. ParameterValue Current cryostat footprint (estimate). Need to estimate the TPC support bridge also. 11,678 mm (L) x 10,630 mm (W) Work area around the top of the cryostat (platform type)2.0 m around the whole perimeter Lay down spaceTBD Clean Room space Class 10,000 where TPC components are assembled and installed. Size depends on installation technique. Crane coverageOver the cryostat and the lay down space Crane capacity 30-40 ton (needs feedback from the design of the top plate). Could be the current overhead crane, but how can we integrate it inside the Clean Room ?? Could use a floor mounted gantry ?? Lighting UV filtered lights are needed in all work areas where the photon detectors are exposed (if any). Ventilation Appropriate additional ventilation when working inside the cryostat. ScaffoldingUp to 7.0 m in height inside the cryostat. Power outlets For portable tools and welding machines inside the cryostat Cryostat Infrastructures Requirements 20Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype Note: some of the requirements need input from the design of the top plate, the outer structure and the beam window. They also need to be integrated with the installation process.

21. Preliminary electrical requirements The cryostat membrane and any supporting structure need to be isolated from any building metal or building rebar with a DC impedance greater than 300 kOhm. The cryostat, or “detector” ground, shall be separated from the “building” ground. A safety ground network consisting of saturated inductors to be used between detector ground and building ground. DUNE Single Phase Prototype21Apr 17, 2015

22. Electronics, Computing, Power DUNE Single Phase Prototype22Apr 17, 2015 Electronics Racks on top of the cryostat. Racks for computers. Info on Cables/Racks is being collected and should be available by end of April as requested by Guillaume Gros. Clean power with separate grounding for detector. How much ?? Normal power for all the rest. How much ?? Control room space for DAQ and detector monitoring.

23. Outstanding Issues External trigger counters: do we need them ?? How many and where ?? How much space is required for installation (including cables to racks) and service ?? Photon detector: how many and where ?? Design of TPC mechanical support: is it possible with a bridge outside of the cryostat, supported on the floor of the building?? May add requirements to the infrastructures (floor space, …). Size and type (cold/warm) of penetrations through the roof required for TPC operations and monitoring: calibrations? photo detection? purity monitors? Others? Instrumentation that need to go inside the cryostat (purity monitors, etc.). Weight of TPC?? It was 5,400 kg in the CPA-APA-CPA configuration… Location and design of the cold penetrations. Location of TPC anchors (if preferred location exists). Grounding and isolation requirements. Electronics, computing and power. 23DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

24. Summary Current internal dimensions: 7,826 mm (Transv) x 8,874 mm (Parallel) x 8,073 mm (Height). Current external dimensions are: : 10,630 mm (Transv) x 11,678 mm (Parallel) x 10,977 mm (Height). Assumes a 500 mm steel support structure. The cryostat is ~10 degrees rotated with respect to the beam, currently at the end of Pit B. Changes to the reference design are being made and implemented. Several outstanding issues that may change dimensions and requirements. Need to be addressed asap. 24DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

25. Backup

26. Detector Installation Plan – 2 The second installation plan is to build the detector directly in the cryostat without the top cap using temporary supports. Once complete, attach to the underside of the top cap. Then lower the complete assembly. (See backup slides option 2 for some older conceptual slides). Potential problems with cryogenic installation. DUNE Single Phase Prototype26Apr 17, 2015

27. CONCEPT 1 NEEDS UPDATING WITH NEW TPC CONFIGURATION AND CRYOSTAT 27DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

28. Manipulating the TPC components 28DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

29. Manipulating the TPC components II 29DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

30. Manipulating the TPC components III 30DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

31. CONCEPT 2 NEEDS UPDATING WITH NEW TPC CONFIGURATION AND CRYOSTAT 31DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

32. Installation hardware with CPA support rail 32 Support rail length is shorter than top cap width. This rail will be fixed and supported from the underside of the top cap later. The rail is positioned close to the edge of the cryostat for allow personnel access to the hangers from the top edge of the containment vessel. Assume the top edge of cryostat can support load and that people can work there. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

33. Moving CPA over Cryostat and rotation 33 Assume that there are 2 lifting devices from the crane bridge and they can be operated at the same time to rotate the TPC planes. The planes would be lifted on edge horizontally over the cryostat. One lifting device would be lowered while the other is stationary to perform the rotation of the object. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

34. Positioning and attachment of CPAs to support rail 34 Once rotated the lower cable would be disconnected from the plane and the upper connection would be used to move the plane under the support rail. The plane would be connected to the support rail by personnel working from the top of the containment vessel. The second plane would be moved in and connected to complete the 1 st CPA plane assembly. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

35. Translate CPA plane assembly to opposite side of Cryostat 35 Once completed, we would translate the 1 st CPA plane assembly to the opposite side of the cryostat. This could be done with rollers on the cryostat or using the overhead crane. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

36. Install APA planes and translate 36 Install the APA rail and the two APA planes in a similar method. Then translate the APA planes to opposite end of the cryostat with the other CPA plane. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

37. Install the 2 nd set of CPA planes 37DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

38. Position the 3 TPC planes 38 After positioning the 3 planes to their final positions with respect to the cryostat walls and each other, install the end field cages. These could be supported from the APA and CPA rails. How to deploy the upper field cages? When and how to cable the APA planes? The lower field cages could stored on the floor of the cryostat and connected at this point. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

39. Install Top Cap 39 Bring the top cap over the 3 TPC planes and lower to the support rails. Connect the ends of the support rails to the hangers on the underside of the top cap. The HV probes could be installed through the top cap at this point into their receptacles on the CPAs. The APA cables could be “fished” through the service feed thru for connection later. Remove the installation hardware from the ends of the support rails. Lower the top cap and the TPC down in the cryostat. DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

40. Plan view (Cryostat rotated 10 degrees) DUNE Single Phase Prototype40 WA105 cryostat Pit B Single Phase Test cryostat Bridge Crane Apr 17, 2015 Note: the angle could change a little bit.

41. Current assumptions Dimensions from EHN1 drawing: – Hook height above floor of pit B: 18,900 mm. – Hook clearance over top cap: 7,609 mm. Dimensions from detector design: – Detector height: 6,289 mm. – Clearance for detector installation (between height of detector and hook over cryostat): 1,320 mm. How much of this is needed for rigging and handling? Beam direction from interaction between Cheng-Ju and Ilias. 41DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

42. Example: Layout of LBNE 35 ton racks Trig_ScintTPC_PDPurity MonitorCalibrationDAQ_1DAQ_2 RPS 1 Empty 2 Cable DressingEthernet Switch-2NIM BinCamera SystemNova Timing Master 3 CCU4Wire Manager 4 ANL Calibration Module Ethernet Switch-1 5 Empty Wire Manager 6 Cable Dressing Empty 7 CCU3 Fan PC-1 8 8 x SSPEmpty 9 PM Multiplexer PC-2 10 11 Penn Trig board Empty PC-3 12 SurgeX 13 Empty 14 Nova Timing MasterWiener MPOD-Wire/FCPCIU Calibration SystemPC-4 15 16 Empty PC-5 17 Nova Timing Slave NIM Bin 18 PC-6 19 Empty 20 Nova Timing Slave Empty 21 PC-7 22 Empty Fan 23 NIM BinEmpty PC-8 24 Wiener MPOD-LV 25 PC-9 26 27 Empty 28 Fan ATCA Shelves 29 Empty 30 CCU2 31 Fan/Plenum 32 Cable Dressing 33 Empty 34 CCU1Nova Timing Master Crate Power Supply 35 36 Cable Dressing Empty37 Empty Impedance Monitor38 AC Switch Box Empty 39 Empty40 AC Switch Box 41 42 DUNE Single Phase Prototype42 Racks currently on top of Cryostat Apr 17, 2015 Note: This is just an example from a smaller detector.

43. Example: Current LBNF Rack Equipment Preliminary List of Detector Electronics Rack types and contents-Per Detector # of racksLocationRack NameRack ComponentsSpace (U)QuantityPower (VA)Power Tot (VA)Notes FDSiPM systemHV Power Supply TBD2 ps/port Caen 5740 ch32, 4 APAs Shaper TBD Power Supply backplane TBD16 channels Splitter TBD SiPM FE amplifier TBD Computer Cold ElectronicsWiener MPOD 808.16482560ch/apa, 10mW/ch. (200W) (4MB/APA) (20APA) 40W/APA=65W*20=1300 1.5V/.6A,2.1V/1A,2.8V/1A,3.6V/.5A,5V/.1A Drift HVPower Supply 4230920-115kV/1mA, Heinzinger PNChp 150000-1 neg/M 230V/1A (1-ph), 400V/1A (3-ph) other avail. TPC Wire BiasWiener MPOD 207140Vg:-1kV,Vu:-1kV,Vx:+1.5kV all 2mA (20APA) Field Cage BiasWiener MPOD 122-1kV/2mA 1710 Computers 15 Rack ProtectionSmoke Sensor 15 assume 15 racks per detector Rack Protection Mon115 120V/<1A PDU (Power Dist. Units) 15 Power requirement based on service. Slow Controls 15 Intl'k Switch215 Hot Spares Rack 3240043200120V/20A service Total (kVA)3 43.20 DUNE Single Phase Prototype43 L. Bagby - FNAL Apr 17, 2015 Note: This is just an example from a much larger detector.

44. Example: Current LBNF Cavern Equipment Preliminary List of Detector 10 kt Cavern Equipment Equip. Name-BLDGQuantityPowerUnitPower (Tot)Generator BackupPower SourceNotes Lighting-Cavern135kVA35yes Lighting-Drifts110kW10yes HVAC-Chiller2149.2kW298.4 200HP HVAC-Circulating Pumps422.38kW89.52 30HP HVAC-Fan Coil Units301.492kW44.76 2HP HVAC-Air handler supply fan114.92kW14.92 20HP HVAC-Air handler exhaust fan114.92kW14.92 20HP Sump Pumps63.73kW22.38 5HP Vent Fans61.492kW8.952 2HP Welding Outlets441.57kVA166.28no (480V/50A)..Millers David Matinary Monorail crane-10 ton-hoist(15)+trolly(1)111.936kVA11.94yes (work cell hoist) 16HP*746 Fire11.5kVA1.5yes Paul-SURF VESDA11.5kVA1.5yes sniffer HSSD system in cryostat11.5kVA1.5yes Halon Nitrogen Booster Compressors4111.9kW447.6no 150 HP each Liquid Argon Pumps45.2kW20.8no 480V Heater Cables212.6kW25.2no Purification Skid (Blowers)228kW46no Purification Skid (Cooling)121.1kW21no Purification Skid (Heating)163.6kW64no System Controls13.0kVA3yes SLAC RCE System Test Area41.8kVA7.2no 3 racks + 1 table + 1 bench 15A service Temporary lighting in cryostat11.3kVA1.3yes 1 W/ft^2 Temporary ventilation in cryostat: blower10.746kVA0.75yes 3-ton, 1HP Temporary ventilation in cryostat: compressor13.9kW3.9yes General air monitoring in cryostat TBD Hoist near hatch-3 ton-hoist(2HP)+trolly(.5HP)11.865kVA1.87yes (hoist in cryostat) 2.5HP*746 Power for potential battery charging station/powered carts16kW6no HEPA filter blower units100.336kW3.36yes similar to uboone clean room Total Power (kVA) 1372.77 DUNE Single Phase Prototype44 L. Bagby - FNAL Apr 17, 2015 Note: This is just an example from a much larger detector.

45. Cryostat sizing Length APA width 2300 mm (x 3). 12.5 mm of edge boards on each side of the center joint (x 4). 50 mm from the SS APA (active area boundary) frame to field cage (x 2). 76.2 mm diameter of CPA tube (x 2). 1,000 mm clearance to membrane for access and egress. 1,200 mm clearance for piping and instrumentation. 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2). 9,522 mm total length of cryostat. 45DUNE Single Phase Prototype 100 cm Apr 17, 2015

46. Cryostat sizing Width 76.2 mm - APA thickness 3”. 4.76 mm height of wire layers on each side (x 2). 2,500 mm drift distance (x 2). 38.1 mm – Half the diameter of 3” CPA frame (x 2). 1,000 mm to membrane for access and egress (x 2). 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2). 6,256.5 mm total width of cryostat. 46DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

47. Cryostat sizing Height for 6.6 m APA 6,638.7 mm - APA side tube length. 76.2 mm - Distance from top of the cross tube down to the beginning of active volume. 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing above active volume. 300 mm of liquid above CPA tube. 16 mm boards at bottom of frame. 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing below APA bottom boards. 300 mm of liquid below CPA tube. 100 mm of space reserved for piping at bottom of cryostat. 7,491 mm is liquid level height. 900 mm ullage based on far detector design. 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2) Total height from floor to underside of top cap = 8,391 mm. Total inner volume 582 m 3. 47DUNE Single Phase Prototype Floor of Cryostat Space for piping CPA APA APA active volume Liquid Volume Bottom boards of APA Apr 17, 2015

48. Cryostat Height sizing (6.0 m APA) 6,060.1 mm - APA side tube length 76.2 mm - Distance from top of the cross tube down to the beginning of active volume. 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing above active volume. 300 mm of liquid above CPA tube. 16 mm boards at bottom of frame. 76.2 mm – Diameter of CPA tubing below APA bottom boards. 300 mm of liquid below CPA tube. 100 mm of space reserved for piping at bottom of cryostat. 6,912 mm is liquid level height. 900 mm ullage based on far detector design. 60 mm depth of corrugations (x 2) Total height from floor to underside of top cap = 7,812 mm. Total inner volume 542 m 3. 48DUNE Single Phase Prototype Floor of Cryostat Space for piping CPA APA APA active volume Liquid Volume Bottom boards of APA Apr 17, 2015

49. OLD Preliminary thinking on top design – 2 Apr 17, 201549DUNE Single Phase Prototype DRAFT

50. We, as a community, want to develop a common strategy to address LAr/LN2 cryogenic needs for: – SBN-ND/FD (short term). – Single/Double Phase test at CERN (short term). – LBN (long term) and other future generation detectors to come. We want to minimize the effort and design and fabricate a standard system that could be “enlarged” and adapted for future short/mid/long term needs. To the extend possible, we want to design a portable system that could be fabricated and tested in one place and installed at destination in another, with quick connections to/from cryostat. We want to test all features that might be relevant and of interest for present and future detectors: external LAr pumps, cold roof (< 100 K), etc. and the possibility to turn them on/off to compare. Three parts are identified (for both LAr and LN2 systems): Proximity Cryogenics External Cryogenics Internal Cryogenics Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype50 Cryogenic Systems Strategy

51. Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype51 PFD of LAr system (Preliminary)

52. Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype52 PFD of LN2 system (Preliminary)

53. Cryogenic Systems Capabilities To clean the cryostat – GAr purging and venting – GAr recirculation and purification. To cool down the cryostat and fill it with LAr. To continuously purify the LAr (filling and operations). To re-condense and purify the boil off gas. To handle the LAr/GAr and LN2/GN2 flows during all phases. To maintain the top of the cryostat at ≤ 100 K. To monitor and control internal and external pressure: Pressure Control / Vacuum Protection PSV, VSV, Auto/Manual venting. Make-up GAr. To handle the GAr purge inside the insulation. Instrumentation and diagnostics: T and P sensors, flow meters, liquid level sensors, etc., analytical instruments to measure the contamination, in-line Purity Monitors (??), etc. To sample GAr from the ullage and measure the concentration of contaminants. Control system. Flexibility: new features may be tested (cold roof, LAr external pump). To the extent possible, it is desired to have a flexible system where we can turn on/off the various features for comparison. Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype53

54. Selection of the type of LAr filtration system (Mol Sieve/Copper VS Oxysorb/Hydrosorb) Portability/Scalability: studies on portability and how to design a portable/scalable system that can serve present and future generation detectors of any size. Studies on how to keep all surfaces at a Temperature lower than 100 K. LAr Pump (Outside): – Need to see how to isolate the pump electrically and mechanically from the TPC. Issues with electronic noise and microphonics. – Check grounding scheme. Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype54 Cryogenic systems outstanding issues

55. Current cryostat schedule (DRAFT) Preliminary Design: Jan-Jun 2015. Design Review: Jul-Sep 2015. Final Design/Procurement: Oct 2015-Sep 2016. Construction: Oct 2016-Jul 2017. 55DUNE Single Phase PrototypeApr 17, 2015

56. ParameterValue LocationPreferably not in front of the cryostat (on the beam line) LAr purity in cryostat10 ms electron lifetime (30 ppt O2 equivalent) GAr Piston purge rate of rise1.2 m/hr Membrane cool-down rateFrom manufacturer TPCs cool-down rate < 40 K/hr < 10K/m (vertically) Mechanical load on TPC The LAr or the gas jet pressure shall not apply a mechanical load to the TPC greater than 200 Pascal. Nominal LAr purification flow rate (filling/ops)5.5 day/volume change (3.95 m^3/hr = 66 l/m) All surfaces in the ullage during operations< 100K GAr purge within insulation1 volume change/day of the open space between insulation panels Cooling power Cool down: TBD Operations: 3.4 kW + TBD: -Electronics heat load ?? -Heat leak of cryo-piping ?? From cryo-piping design. Lifetime of the cryogenic systemConsistent with the LAr program TBD Control systemIntegrated with the other neutrino projects (as much as possible) Cryogenic System Requirements 56Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype

57. Cryogenic Systems Requirements (Preliminary) To the extend possible, we want to design a portable system that could be fabricated and tested in one place and installed at destination in another, with quick connections to/from cryostat. External Cryogenics  can be located anywhere, will probably be outside of the building. Internal Cryogenics  inside the cryostat. Proximity Cryogenics  several locations: – Condenser (and maybe LN2 dewar/phase separator) will have to be located above the roof of the cryostat or nearby, but higher than the roof of the cryostat. – LAr circulation pump at the back of the cryostat, on the floor, as low as possible. – Penetrations through the top of the cryostat, in the back region. – GAr purge in the insulation two in and two out at a certain elevation with piping going to the rest of the system. – The remaining can be located where space permits, preferably in the vicinity of the cryostat. LAr/LN2, GAr/GN2 piping will connect Proximity/External/Internal cryogenics. The design will inform on size and specific location. Apr 17, 2015DUNE Single Phase Prototype57