1. Standard I Benchmark E The Cold War

2. Key Terms Cold War Cold War Containment Containment Disarmament Disarmament Terrorism Terrorism

3. World War II Ends Americans pushed east into Germany Americans pushed east into Germany Russian Soviets moved west Russian Soviets moved west Met at Berlin, Germany Met at Berlin, Germany At the Yalta Conference, the Soviet leader (Stalin) and the US leader (F. Roosevelt) agreed to divide Europe At the Yalta Conference, the Soviet leader (Stalin) and the US leader (F. Roosevelt) agreed to divide Europe This was the start of the Cold War This was the start of the Cold War Europe was divided along “The Iron Curtain” Europe was divided along “The Iron Curtain”

4. Big Three at Yalta

5. Iron Curtain

6. Truman Takes Over When Roosevelt died in 1945, Harry Truman became President When Roosevelt died in 1945, Harry Truman became President Truman and Stalin did not like each other Truman and Stalin did not like each other They were both suspicious that the other wanted to take over the world They were both suspicious that the other wanted to take over the world

7. Truman and Stalin

8. Truman Takes Over Truman became sure that Stalin was evil after the USSR took over countries in Eastern Europe Truman became sure that Stalin was evil after the USSR took over countries in Eastern Europe Stalin was sure Truman was evil after Truman ordered the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan Stalin was sure Truman was evil after Truman ordered the atomic bombs to be dropped on Japan Both began building up huge militaries to defend themselves and take over other countries Both began building up huge militaries to defend themselves and take over other countries

9. US Foreign Policy Foreign policy – how a country plans to deal with other countries Foreign policy – how a country plans to deal with other countries US foreign policy had two main parts US foreign policy had two main parts Marshall Plan Marshall Plan Containment Containment

10. Marshall Plan Plan to spend billions of US dollars on rebuilding Europe Plan to spend billions of US dollars on rebuilding Europe The reason was that if the countries started doing well, then they would not fall to communism The reason was that if the countries started doing well, then they would not fall to communism Successful Successful

11. The Marshall Plan

12. Containment US could not destroy communism, so we decided to stop it from spreading from country to country US could not destroy communism, so we decided to stop it from spreading from country to country We decided to fight in any country that was deciding between capitalism and communism We decided to fight in any country that was deciding between capitalism and communism

13. Europe Divided Europe was divided by “the Iron Curtain” between free Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe Europe was divided by “the Iron Curtain” between free Western Europe and communist Eastern Europe In 1948, Stalin tried to starve the West Berlin people by closing the road to West Germany – US responded with the Berlin Airlift – moving supplies into Berlin by plane In 1948, Stalin tried to starve the West Berlin people by closing the road to West Germany – US responded with the Berlin Airlift – moving supplies into Berlin by plane

14. Berlin Airlift

15. Europe Divided The capital of Germany, Berlin, was divided with the Berlin Wall in 1961 The capital of Germany, Berlin, was divided with the Berlin Wall in 1961 In 1961, the Berlin Wall was built by USSR to keep people from escaping to freedom In 1961, the Berlin Wall was built by USSR to keep people from escaping to freedom

16. Building the Berlin Wall

17. Diagram of Berlin Wall

19. Alliance Systems North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – 1949 – US, Canada, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, others North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – 1949 – US, Canada, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, others Warsaw Pact – 1955 – USSR and its satellite nations in Eastern Europe Warsaw Pact – 1955 – USSR and its satellite nations in Eastern Europe Idea of collective security – Strength in numbers for protection Idea of collective security – Strength in numbers for protection

20. NATO and Warsaw Countries

21. Domino Theory US thought if one country fell to communism, then others would follow US thought if one country fell to communism, then others would follow Like a chain reaction or dominos falling Like a chain reaction or dominos falling We fought a war in Korea in the 1950s and a war in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s in order to stop a chain reaction from starting We fought a war in Korea in the 1950s and a war in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s in order to stop a chain reaction from starting

22. Domino Theory This was part of the containment policy This was part of the containment policy The US actually fought some Soviet troops and Chinese Communists – BUT we did not fight against the USSR or China The US actually fought some Soviet troops and Chinese Communists – BUT we did not fight against the USSR or China This is why it is said that the Cold War heated up This is why it is said that the Cold War heated up

23. Nuclear Arms Race In the 1950s, the Soviets were worried about US nuclear weapons In the 1950s, the Soviets were worried about US nuclear weapons They began to develop powerful nuclear weapons also They began to develop powerful nuclear weapons also The US and the USSR kept trying to build more bombs and more powerful bombs The US and the USSR kept trying to build more bombs and more powerful bombs

24. Nuclear Arms Race

25. Both countries also built better planes and missiles to carry the bombs Both countries also built better planes and missiles to carry the bombs Both sides were always ready for war to break out, which is known as brinksmanship Both sides were always ready for war to break out, which is known as brinksmanship

26. Korean War 1950-1953 1950-1953 North Korea was communist and got aid from China North Korea was communist and got aid from China 38 th parallel was the line separating North and South Korea 38 th parallel was the line separating North and South Korea The communists attacked the US in the South (1) The communists attacked the US in the South (1)

27. Korean War US pushed into North and attacked into China (2) US pushed into North and attacked into China (2) China got mad, joined North Korea, and the US was pushed down to the bottom of the Korean Peninsula (3) China got mad, joined North Korea, and the US was pushed down to the bottom of the Korean Peninsula (3) The US was able to push China back to the 38 th (4) The US was able to push China back to the 38 th (4)

28. 38 th Parallel

30. Bay of Pigs Invasion April 1961 April 1961 Cuban exiles were trained by CIA to reenter Cuba and kick Fidel Castro out of power Cuban exiles were trained by CIA to reenter Cuba and kick Fidel Castro out of power At the last minute, JFK calls off air support for the mission At the last minute, JFK calls off air support for the mission Castro found out about the attack and was ready Castro found out about the attack and was ready

31. Bay of Pigs Invasion From the air battle, there were 10 Cuban exiles, 4 U.S. pilots, and 6 Cuban Air Force pilots killed in action From the air battle, there were 10 Cuban exiles, 4 U.S. pilots, and 6 Cuban Air Force pilots killed in action 68 exiles were dead and the rest were captured 68 exiles were dead and the rest were captured Made US look weak and pushed Castro closer to the Russians Made US look weak and pushed Castro closer to the Russians

32. BAY OF PIGS!!!

33. Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro, a communist, led a revolution in Cuba in 1959 Fidel Castro, a communist, led a revolution in Cuba in 1959 He kicked out the US and welcomed the help of the USSR He kicked out the US and welcomed the help of the USSR In 1962, the Russians secretly began building missile silos in Cuba, which is about 100 miles from Florida In 1962, the Russians secretly began building missile silos in Cuba, which is about 100 miles from Florida

34. Cuban Missile Crisis A US U2 plane found the silos A US U2 plane found the silos President John F. Kennedy ordered a quarantine (blockade) around Cuba and told the navy not to let Russian ships through President John F. Kennedy ordered a quarantine (blockade) around Cuba and told the navy not to let Russian ships through Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev backed down at the last second and told his ships to return to Russia Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev backed down at the last second and told his ships to return to Russia This was the closest that the US has been to nuclear war This was the closest that the US has been to nuclear war

35. Missile Silo

36. U2 Pictures

39. Vietnam 1959 – 1975 1959 – 1975 Only loss for US in warfare Only loss for US in warfare Vietnam asked for US help in getting freedom from France after WWII Vietnam asked for US help in getting freedom from France after WWII US said “no” US said “no” Vietnam asked China and the USSR for help and got it Vietnam asked China and the USSR for help and got it

40. Vietnam The leader of the North was Ho Chi Minh The leader of the North was Ho Chi Minh In 1954 the North Vietnamese won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu In 1954 the North Vietnamese won the Battle of Dien Bien Phu France left Vietnam France left Vietnam The US sent in soldiers so the whole country wouldn’t become communist The US sent in soldiers so the whole country wouldn’t become communist Idea of Domino Theory – if one country fell to communism, others around it would Idea of Domino Theory – if one country fell to communism, others around it would We wanted to stop the spread of communism – known as Containment We wanted to stop the spread of communism – known as Containment

41. Vietnam The country was split at the 17 th parallel The country was split at the 17 th parallel The US put Ngo Dinh Diem in control of the south The US put Ngo Dinh Diem in control of the south Diem was hated by the people in the South Diem was hated by the people in the South People in the South who supported Ho Chi Minh were known as Viet Cong People in the South who supported Ho Chi Minh were known as Viet Cong Troops and supplies moved from the North to the South along the Ho Chi Minh Trail Troops and supplies moved from the North to the South along the Ho Chi Minh Trail

42. Vietnam US leaders decided to “allow” Diem to be assassinated US leaders decided to “allow” Diem to be assassinated 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Congress gave President the power to wage a war without an official declaration of war 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – Congress gave President the power to wage a war without an official declaration of war 1966 – After JFK’s assassination, Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) called for a draft and many more troops to be sent to Vietnam (Escalation) 1966 – After JFK’s assassination, Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) called for a draft and many more troops to be sent to Vietnam (Escalation)

43. Vietnam Draft riots took place in America as students and hippies burned their draft cards and protested involvement in the war Draft riots took place in America as students and hippies burned their draft cards and protested involvement in the war January 1968 – Tet Offensive – North Vietnamese troops and Viet Cong attacked southern cities and took over many bases January 1968 – Tet Offensive – North Vietnamese troops and Viet Cong attacked southern cities and took over many bases US eventually retook the land, but it showed that the war was going to drag on for a long time US eventually retook the land, but it showed that the war was going to drag on for a long time

44. Vietnam President Nixon began a plan of Vietnamization – Replace US troops with South Vietnamese troops President Nixon began a plan of Vietnamization – Replace US troops with South Vietnamese troops My Lai Massacre – US soldiers overran a South Vietnamese village and killed 500 old men, women, and children My Lai Massacre – US soldiers overran a South Vietnamese village and killed 500 old men, women, and children Caused even more protests and riots Caused even more protests and riots Some people were rescued by helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson Jr. Some people were rescued by helicopter pilot Hugh Thompson Jr.

45. Vietnam In 1975, the US forces were removed from Vietnam In 1975, the US forces were removed from Vietnam The capital city of Saigon fell shortly after The capital city of Saigon fell shortly after In all, more than 5 million people died during the Vietnam War In all, more than 5 million people died during the Vietnam War

46. Vietnam

47. Ngo Din Diem and Eisenhower

48. Ho Chi Minh

49. US Marine

50. US Searching for Viet Cong

51. VC Hiding Tunnel

52. VC Tunnels

53. South Vietnamese Officer Executes Viet Cong

54. Dead VC

55. Agent Orange

56. Napalm on Civilians

57. Napalm

58. My Lai Massacre

59. Leaving Saigon

60. The Cold War Ends The US and USSR remained enemies from 1945 until 1991 The US and USSR remained enemies from 1945 until 1991 During this time the US economy improved while the USSR slowly went bankrupt During this time the US economy improved while the USSR slowly went bankrupt The Cold War finally ended in 1991, when the USSR broke up into many small countries and Russia The Cold War finally ended in 1991, when the USSR broke up into many small countries and Russia

61. Soviet Union Break Up

62. The Cold War Ends Reasons why the USSR dissolved Reasons why the USSR dissolved The cost of the arms race took all of the money of the USSR The cost of the arms race took all of the money of the USSR The little countries in the USSR started rebelling The little countries in the USSR started rebelling The Berlin Wall fell in 1989 The Berlin Wall fell in 1989 USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev started moving the USSR away from communism and toward capitalism (glasnost and perestroika) USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev started moving the USSR away from communism and toward capitalism (glasnost and perestroika)

63. Israel In 1947, the nation of Israel was created to give the Jews a home In 1947, the nation of Israel was created to give the Jews a home Muslims in the area, especially Palestinians who lived in the area, protested Israel’s creation Muslims in the area, especially Palestinians who lived in the area, protested Israel’s creation The US backed Israel The US backed Israel Fighting continues to this day Fighting continues to this day The land is very holy to both religions The land is very holy to both religions

64. Israel