1. AP Words 1/29 1.Schlieffen Plan 2.Total War 3.Western Front 4.Bolsheviks 5.First Balkan War 1912 6.Lawrence of Arabia 7.Triple Entente 8.Triple Alliance 9.Admiral Torpitz 10.David Lloyd George 11.Georges Clemenceau 12.Duma 13.Vittorio Orlando 14.Woodrow Wilson 15.Lord Kitchener 16.First Battle of the Marne

2. WWI – The Great War Part 1

3. The Great War Pre 1914 world believe in human greatness –Science, technology, progress But WWI, unavoidable, inevitable Consumed most of Europe’s wealth Killed millions Weakened or destroyed some of its power and influence around the world Laid foundation for next world war

4. Inevitable? Since 1870 euro lived in fear of itself –All big questions up to then have been answered by force –Germ created by force, “iron and blood” –Euro began maintaining huge peacetime armies for the first time –Compulsory military service became the rule –Not only standing armies but also millions of trained reserves

5. Rival Alliances MAIN CAUSE OF WWI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Germany had become an industrial power house –Manufacturing –Shipping –Finance Germans want a “place in the sun” –Acknowledgement for supremacy

6. But... France still POed by loss of Alsace and Lorraine British POed b/c germans were infringing on their –Markets –Brits selling less –More competition –Colonial rival in Africa, Middle East, Asia –Jealous b/c other powers looking to germ for protection and friendship

7. Triple Alliance Germany Austria Hungary Italy Bismarck created to protect germ empire –Until forced into retirement 1890, followed policy of peace –WANTED FRANCE ISOLATED –Keep France and GB at each other’s throats = no threat to Germ

8. Terms of Alliance If any member should get into a war then two or more allies should aid by force of arms

9. “Reinsurance” Treaty Russia and Germ Bismarck being super safe Isolate France But –Russia and Austria Enemies Fought over balkans –So when Bismarck “retired” –Treaty fell apart

10. Franco-Russian Alliance 1894 France saw Russo-Germ treaty fail Jumped at chance Formed alliance with Rus. Seemed an impossible alliance –Russia = old school –France = radical But French money poured into Russia and Tsar went with it

11. By 1894... World in two camps Germ, Austria Hungary, Italy Franco Russian But maybe things will be ok Had worked together in 1895 to stem growth of Japan

12. Splendid Isolation Britain Island Went their own way Didn’t need an alliance to feel secure about neighbors Boer War & Fashoda made relations with Russia and France bad Maybe will ally with Germany needed? Racially felt similar to Germans Politically very un-similar –Kaiser’s Kruger Telegram 1896 –Support Boers! –Insult!

13. Naval Race 1898 Britain began enlarging and modernizing navy Race begins between GB & Germ Very expensive Brits insecure – will drive them into the arms of France & Russia

14. GB had for 2 centuries had always been the best –Sea power had always been the foundation for British greatness –Sea power can always choke & defeat just land power –Germany knew this –Germ began building up nave in 1898 Brits looked on with concern By 1912 it is a menaces!!

15. German said Navy –To protect colonies –Secure foreign trade –“for general purpose of our greatness” Brits said Navy –Must control seas at all cost –Even imported food! –Maintain navy larger than next 2 combined 1902 Brits leave isolation Form military alliance with Japan against Russia

16. Triple Entente 1904 France Russia GB What Bismarck had feared France & GB forgave each other –France recognized Brits occupation of Egypt –Brits recognize France’s occupation of Morocco Agreed to support each other against 3 rd parties Russia & GB make up –Russia beaten by Japan, beggars can’t be choosers Britain does refuse to make formal military commitment