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Henry B. Selkirk, USRA/NASA GSFC Holger Vömel, DWD Jorge Andrés Diaz, UCR Gary Morris, Valpo Univ. Acknowledgments: Sam Oltmans & Bryan Johnson, NOAA ESRL Jessica Valverde-Canossa, UNA Anne Thompson, Penn State Mark Schoeberl, STC Henry B. Selkirk, USRA/NASA GSFC Holger Vömel, DWD Jorge Andrés Diaz, UCR Gary Morris, Valpo Univ. Acknowledgments: Sam Oltmans & Bryan Johnson, NOAA ESRL Jessica Valverde-Canossa, UNA Anne Thompson, Penn State Mark Schoeberl, STC Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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Motivation, science questions and approach What do the fine-scale structures of water vapor and ozone reveal about processes of stratosphere exchange, LS in-mixing, and dehydration? How do these vary seasonally? Seasonal mean profiles of water vapor and ozone Distribution of relative humidity and frequency of supersaturation Covariances of water vapor and ozone Trajectory analyses anomalous high ozone events in UTLS How does the behavior of ozone in the UT/LS compare to other (SHADOZ) stations in the tropics? What does this reveal about in-mixing and influence of deep convection? Comparisons with MLS water vapor, relative humidity and ozone Compare with other in situ water vapor measurements in the tropics Construct hi-res profiles from MLS WV and ozone using trajectory techniques How representative is this station in the American tropics of water vapor and ozone in the UT/LS and above globally? How do our measurements compare with satellite profiling from Aura MLS and OMPS on NPP? Collaborative studies with SHADOZ investigators Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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Ticosonde CFH water vapor and ECC ozone soundings 2005-2012 YEARCFHECCTotal soundings Intensive campaigns 2005 (from Jul)293132TCSP (July) 20064876 CR-AVE (Jan-Feb); Veranillo (Jul) 20072443 TC4 (Jul-Aug) 20081543 200982526 201093940 20111446 2012 (thru Aug)531 TOTAL153334337 One current and two former and one current sites in Costa Rica: Alajuela [10°N, 84.2°W], Heredia [10°N, 84.1°W], San Pedro [9.9°N, 84.0°W] Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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100 hPa 0100 200 0.02 0.01 freq ( > 100 ppb 100%100%0%0% 00100 200 200 hPa 0.02 0.01 150 hPa 0100200 0.02 0.01 CFH RH ice – NH winter Selkirk, et al., 2010 Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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CFH RH ice – NH summer freq ( > 100 ppb 100%100%0%0% 100 hPa 0100200 0.02 0.01 00100200 200 hPa 0.02 0.01 Selkirk, et al., 2010 Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer Water Vapor vs. Ozone
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Comparison with MLS water vapor Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer Figure courtesy of Karen Rosenlof
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PlansPlans Four-year proposal to NASA currently under review Collaboration between GESTAR/NASA GSFC, Gary Morris at Valparaiso University and Jorge Andrés Diaz at the Universidad de Costa Rica Weekly SHADOZ ozone soundings with ECC ozone sonde payload Monthly CFH/ECC water vapor-ozone sonde payload NEW: Twice-monthly SO 2 soundings with dual ozone sonde system perfected o Validation of OMI SO 2 product o Collaboration with Joanna Joiner and Nick Krotkov of OMI team at GSFC Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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Tropopause Saturation Layer [Selkirk et al., 2010 JGR] TSL TTL TSL TTL Locus of final dehydration before entry into LS and water vapor tape recorder Distinguished from lower TTL by episodic in-mixing of stratsopheric air Conceptual framework for understanding relationship between local coldpoint and slow, quasi-horizontal ascent Locus of final dehydration before entry into LS and water vapor tape recorder Distinguished from lower TTL by episodic in-mixing of stratsopheric air Conceptual framework for understanding relationship between local coldpoint and slow, quasi-horizontal ascent Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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TSL and variability gradients Ozone (ppmv) 40084008 400 K 350 K 360 K 370 K 380 K 390 K TSL Potential Temperature (K) Ozone/ sd Ozone (ppmv) sd T (°C) Ozone/ sd Ozone (ppmv) N 2 (s -2 ) TSL O3O3 O3O3 sd(T) N2N2 N2N2 sd(O 3 ) sd(T) sd(O 3 ) JJA DJF region of low N 2 (< 2x10 -2 s -2 ): gravity wave-breaking and mixing lower edge of TTL (~350 K/LNB) near minimum of N 2 lower edge of TSL (B: lowest WV min ) near N 2 ≈3 x 10 -4 s -2 : region of wave propagation upper edge of TSL near local max of sd(T): beginning of wave evanescence Honolulu, HI 17 October 2012 US-Japan Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer
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