1. Ecology Exam Review

2. Which phrase best describes an ecosystem? 1. all the living organisms in a specific location 2. all the nonliving materials in a specific location 3. some nonliving materials passing through living organism in a specific location 4. living organisms and nonliving materials interacting in a specific location

3. Which is an abiotic factor that functions as a limiting factor for the autotrophs in the ecosystem shown? (1.) grasshopper (2.) fish (3.) light (4.) hawk

4. Which group contains only abiotic factors? (1.) group A (2.) group B (3.) group C (4.) group D

5. 1. Identify some biotic factors in the diagram. Deer, trees, frog, duck, plants 2. Identify some biotic factors in the diagram. Water, oxygen, soil 3. Identify what this diagram represents? Support your answer. An ecosystem because it contains biotic and abiotic factors.

6. In a natural community, all the living things that directly or indirectly affect the environment are known as (1.) pioneer organisms (2.) secondary consumers (3.) climatic limitations (4.) biotic factors

7. Which group can best be described as a population? (1.) all the honeybees in an orchard (2.) all the plants and animals in a forest (3.) the life in Earth's atmosphere (4.) the living and nonliving factors in a meadow

8. A certain plant requires moisture, O 2, CO 2, light, and minerals in order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on (1.) abiotic factors (2.) biotic factors (3.) carnivore-herbivore relationships (4.) symbiotic relationships

9. Identify what is being described. 1.One species living in the same area. 2.The role an organism plays in its habitat. 3.Only eat producers. 4.Break down dead organisms. 5.Hunt for their food. 6.Organisms that consume both plants and animals. 7.Consists of biotic and abiotic factors. 8.Where an organism lives. 9.Produce their own food. 10.Many species living in the same area. 11.Feed off of organisms that have already been kil led. Population Niche Herbivores Decomposers Predators Omnivores Ecosystem Habitat Producers Community Scavengers

10. Which organisms would most likely have a predator-prey relationship? (1.) tapeworm and dog (2.) barnacle and whale (3.) hawk and mouse (4.) rabbit and grass

11. algae→ minnow → lake trout → hawk 1.Which organism has the greatest energy? Algae 2. Give one effect that an increase in the minnow population would have on the ecosystem. Decrease in algae, increase in lake trout 3. Why are the algae an important part of this food web? They use the sun to produce glucose that is passed through the food chain. 4. What do the arrows represent? Direction of energy

12. 1.Which level would contain producer organisms? D 2. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which level would birds occupy? B 3. As one progresses from D to A, what happens to the amount of energy? It decreases because each level uses some of the energy or it lost as heat.

13. 1.Which organisms would contain the greatest amount of available energy? Grasses, shrubs 2. Which are the primary consumers? Rabbits, deer, seed-eating birds, rates 3. What organism is not included in this food web and is an essential part of the ecosystem? Decomposers

14. 1.Identify a carnivore from the food web. Wolves, worms, fish 2. Describe the complete path of energy from the Sun to that carnivore. Grass  deer  wolves Pond algae  rotifers  worms  fish

15. 3. Why are decomposers are necessary in this food web? They recycle nutrients back into the soil. 4. Identify an effect of a decrease in the wolf population. Decrease in deer Increase in grass

16. 1.Which organisms contain the greatest amount of energy? Algae and floating plants 2. Identify a primary consumer. Aquatic crustaceans and minnows 3. Identify a secondary consumer. Racoons, carnivorous fish

17. 1.If the population of mice is reduced by disease, which change will most likely occur in the food web? Increase in grass and crickets Decrease in snakes and hawks 2. What is the original source of energy for this food web? Sunlight

18. 3. Which organisms are not shown in this diagram but are essential to a balanced ecosystem? Decomposers 4. State one example of a predator- prey relationship found in the food web. Indicate which is the predator and which is the prey. Frog  hawk Mouse  hawk Rabbit  hawk Deer  lion Rabbit  lion

19. Identify the material cycle being described. 1.Involves condensation and evaporation. 2.Involves photosynthesis and respiration. 3.Important for the production of proteins. 4.Involves the release of oxygen from plants and carbon dioxide from animals. 5.Involves bacteria, plants, animals and decomposers. 6.Involves precipitation, transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration. Water cycle C and O cycle N cycle C and O cycle N cycle Water cycle

20. Energy stored in organic molecules is passed from producers to consumers. This statement best describes an event in 1. the process of photosynthesis. 2. natural selection. 3. a food chain. 4. ecological succession.

21. Although 3 different bird species all inhabit the same type of tree in an area, competition between the birds rarely occurs. The most likely explanation for this lack of competition is that these birds (1.) are unable to interbreed (2.) have a limited supply of food (3.) share food with each other (4.) have different ecological niches

22. Which material cycle relies least on the processes of photosynthesis, transpiration, evaporation, respiration, and condensation? 1. oxygen cycle 2. water cycle 3. nitrogen cycle 4. carbon cycle

23. Which is not recycled by the processes of photosynthesis and respiration? (1)C (2) N (3) H (4) O

24. Which factor promotes competition between organisms in an ecosystem? (1.) cycling of materials (2.) limited resources (3.) presence of decomposers (4.) disease

25. Barnacles often attach themselves to whales and receive free transportation to parts of the ocean. The whales are not affected by this activity. This is an example of (1.) mutualism (2.) decomposers (3.) commensalism (4.) parasitism

26. The symbiotic relationship between a human and the fungus that causes athlete's foot is an example of (1)predation (2) commensalism (3) parasitism (4) decomposition

27. The relationship between fleas and a dog is most similar to the relationship between (1.) honeybees and flower (2.) orchids and a tree (3.) nitrogen-fixing bacteria and a legume (4.) athlete's foot fungus and a human

28. Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they (1) recycle organic matter (2) are involved in photosynthesis (3) absorb solar energy (4) slow the spread of disease

29. (1) Commensalism (2) Mutualism (3) Parasitism (4) Decomposition (5) Prey-predator 1.The relationship between the crocodile and the leech 2.Bacteria or fungi 3.One organisms is benefits and the other is not affected 4.Organisms hunt for animals as a source of food 5.Both organisms benefit 6.Involved in the recycling of materials back into the soil. Parasitism Decomposition Commensalism Prey-predator Mutualism Decomposition

30. 1.What process is occurring in the diagram? 2.What would most likely be found in stage 1? (1.)fern (2.) pioneer species (3.) trees (4.) mushrooms 3. Stage IV will persist until it is altered by (1.)a major change in an abiotic factor (2.) seasonal dieback of vegetation (3.) the reappearance of lichens and mosses (4.) the growth in diameter of the trees 4. What is biotic factor for animal succession in each stage? (1.) plant species (2.) sunlight (3.) soil minerals (4.) moisture

31. 1. Which stage represents a pioneer community? B 2. Identify the process involving the replacement of stage B by stage C and the replacement of stage C by stage D in a particular location. Succession 3. Which stage would best represent a climax community? E

32. Which statement concerning the climax stage of an ecological succession is correct? (1.) It is the first community to inhabit an area. (2.) It consists entirely of plants. (3.) It persists until the environment changes. (4.) It changes rapidly.

33. 1. Identify the process represented in the diagram.. Succession 2. What will this area most likely be if no human intervention or natural disaster occurs by the year 2050? Forest

34. Which would NOT be considered a renewable resource? (1.) coal (2.) solar power (3.) ocean waves (4.) hydroelectric power

35. 1. Which substance is the major cause of the loss of our stratospheric ozone shield? (1.) CFC's (2.) oxygen (3.) acid rain (4.) carbon dioxide 2. Give an example of a negative effect of ozone depletion. More UV radiation reaching Earth’s surface  increase in cancer, destruction of producers, eye damage

36. 1. Which is NOT an expected effect of global warming? (1.) Melting of polar ice caps. (2.) Flooding of coastal areas. (3.) Increased crop yields. (4.) Alteration of rainfall patterns 2. Identify two possible causes of global warming. Melting of polar ice caps  flooding Climate change Habitat destruction

37. There is ample evidence to suggest a direct relationship between global warming and increased (1.) ozone concentration (2.) carbon dioxide concentration (3.) acid rain (4.) CFC's

38. Which factor is a major cause of global warming? (1) increased burning of fuels (2) increased number of green plants (3) decreased mineral availability (4) decreased CO2 in the atmosphere

39. 1. Deforestation will most directly result in an immediate increase in (1) atmospheric carbon dioxide (2) atmospheric ozone (3) wildlife populations (4) renewable resources 2. What are some other negative effects of deforestation? Habitat destruction