1. Protists and Fungi

2. General Characteristics:
1. Most are unicellular but some can be multicellular.
2. All protist cells are eukaryotic.
3. They don’t fit anywhere else….they are not plants, not animals, not fungi and not bacteria.

3. There are three types of protists:
1. Animal-like
Divided into groups by how they move

4. a. . Ciliates covered with cilia for movement example: paramecium
obtains food through its oral groove
Gullet
Oral groove
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Cilia

5. Removes water with contractile vacuoles
Reproduces asexually by fission or sexually by conjugation

6. b. Flagellates moves by flagella, a long hairlike structure
obtains food through its cell membrane
example: giardia

7. c. Parasites Movement by host example: plasmodium
Causes malaria through the bite of a mosquito

8. d. Pseudopods Move by pseudopods which means false foot
This method of movement is slow
Example: ameba
Food vacuole
Nucleus
Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods

9. 2. Plantlike Protists-contain chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis
Green protists
Has no cell wall
example-euglena
red eyespot-sensitive to light and dark
Chloroplast
Eyespot
Contractile vacuole
Flagella
Nucleus

10. Fire protists example: dinoflagellate
Living things that have the ability to glow are called bioluminescent

11. Golden brown protists
example: diatom
Some make shells out of glass

12. Multicellular types (commonly called seaweeds)
Red-found in deep marine water
Brown-kelp and other seaweeds
Green-mostly freshwater

13. 3. Fungus-like protists-heterotrophs that feed on dead or decaying matter
1. slime molds
2. water molds

14. Importance of protists:
1. A redtide is a bloom of dinoflagellates that produce a toxin.
2. Symbiotic relationships (like coral and algae)
3. Diseases such as malaria, dysentery, potato blight

15. 4. Phytoplankton-carries on about half of the photosynthesis for the world.

16. 4. Agar-gel like material from red algae used in laboratories to grow bacteria

17. 5. Algin-used to make products smooth like ice cream, cosmetics, salad dressings, syrups, pudding, candy

18. 6. Diatoms glass shells are used as cleansers, abrasives, filters
                                                                                                

19. Fungi Kingdom- Characteristics:
1. All fungi are multicellular except for yeast 2. All fungi are heterotrophic, they must consume their food

20. Fungi are made up of tiny threads called hyphae

21. Phylum Zygomycota
examples: black bread mold, dung fungus

22. Dung fungus

23. Phylum Ascomycota forms a sac like structure for spores
This is the largest group of fungi
examples: yeast, morels, truffles

24. Yeast-the only unicellular fungi

25. Morels

26. Truffles

27. Phylum Basidiomycota forms a club like structure for spores
examples: mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts
Rust on flax
Corn smut

28. Parts of the mushroom
stipe
hyphae

29. Phylum Deuteromycota (means imperfect)
sexual reproduction never observed
examples: penicillin, ring worm, athlete’s foot fungus

30. Importance of fungi in the world:
1. Fungi are decomposers and
recycle nutrients
2. Many cause plant diseases such as rusts and smuts. In some parts of the world the crop loss is as high as 50%

31. 3. Fungi cause human diseases such as ring worm, athlete’s foot, valley fever (a lung disease)

32. 4. Many fungi form symbiotic relationships.
a. Lichens are a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. They survive harsh places because the fungus provides water and shelter and the algae provides food.

33. b. Mycorrhizae are a fungus and tree roots
b. Mycorrhizae are a fungus and tree roots. A many as 80% of plants form this relationship. The fungus provides minerals and water. The plant provides the fungus with food.

34. 5. Many food products are made with fungi. 6. Medicines-antibiotics