1. Dr. Anil Kumar Singh Sr. Scientist (Agronomy) ICAR RCER Patna 1 Pulses production Efficient management practices for achieving higher productivity

2. Bihar Agroclimatic Condition (Zone IV. Middle Gangatic Plain Region)

3. Flood affected Bihar Flood Affected Free from Flood

4. Drought Affected Free from Drought

5. Probability of occurrence of drought Meteorological subdivision Frequency of deficient rainfall (75% of normal or less) AssamVery rare, once in 15 years West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Konkan, Bihar and Orissa Once in 5 years South Interior Karnataka, Eastern Uttar Pradesh & Vidarbha Once in 4 years Gujarat, East Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh Once in 3 years Tamil Nadu, Jammu & Kashmir and Telangana Once in 2.5 years West RajasthanOnce in 2.5 years

6. Bihar at a glance ParticularsValue Population (Million)103.8 Population density (No/ Sq Km)1102 Geographical area (Mha)9.42 Cultivable lands (Mha)6.64 Marginal farmers (< 1.0 ha) (%)84.2 Small farmers (1.-2 ha) (%)9.2 work force in agriculture and allied¾ Contribution in State GDP 1/3

7. ParticularsValue The annual rainfall (mm)1176 Gross irrigated area (Mha)4.78 Net irrigated area (Mha)3.46 Area under irrigation (%)61 Available ground water (BCM)29.2 Ground water development (%)40 Cropping Intensity (%)140

8. < 40 % 41 - 60 61 - 85 Araria, E. Champaran, Darbhanga, Kishanganj, Madhubani, Muzaffarpur, Saharsa, Sitamarhi, Vaishali Gross irrigated area

9. Wetland area in Bihar Type of landArea (Lakh ha ) Tal3.0 Dirara11.76 Chaurs2.00 Mauns0.75

10. 90 % pulses 85 % oilseed Contributed by rainfed agriculture

11. Energy value ItemsEnergy value (K Cal/kg) Carbohydrates3.4 Protein5.1 Fat9.1

12. Demand and Supply ItemsPer head/day AvailabilityRequirements Protein34g85g Fat12g32g

13. Productivity Level Crop group(t/ha) National Average State AveragePotential Pulses1.40.93.5

14. Productivity Level Crop group(t/ha) IrrigatedRainfed Pulses1.4-2.10.9-1.1

15. KharifRabiSummer Pigeon peaChickpeaMung bean PeaUrd bean LentilCowpea Khesari (Lathyrus) Moth beanCowpea Horse gramKidney bean

16. Constraints in production Climate and weather Unfavourable weather conditions (Flood, drought, heat and cold wave) Problematic Soil Abnormal soil conditions (Acid, saline and alkaline etc)

17. Varietal constraints Lack of high yielding varieties Low harvest Index High susceptibility to disease and insect pests Flower and fruit drop

18. Varietal constraints Lack of short duration cultivar Poor response to inputs Indeterminate growth habits Instability in performance

19. Quality seed constraints Poor quality seed Inadequate availability of seeds High price Untimely supply

20. Agronomic constraints Improper sowing time Low seed rate Defective method of sowing Inadequate interculture Insufficient Irrigation Sowing under Utera condition

21. Seldom use of N fertilizers

22. Neglected use of Bio fertilizers

23. Plant protection constraints

24. Inadequate extension services

25. Training constraints Socioeconomic constraints Inadequate extension facilities

26. Miscellaneous constraints Lack of machinery Losses during storage Losses during processing

27. Way to realize production potential Role of high yielding varieties Disease resistance Pests resistances Abiotic resistances

28. Way to realize production potential Role of high yielding varieties Disease resistance Pests resistances Abiotic resistances

29. Way to realize production potential Catch cropping Double cropping Intercropping Response to inputs

30. Sequential cropping Summer oilseed and pulses Rabi pigeon pea Summer mung bean + pigeon pea Late sown chickpea in irrigated area Pulses in rice fallow

31. Intercropping System Cereal+ pulse (Barley /Wheat + Lentil/ Gram Oilseed+ pulse (Mustard /linseed + lentil/Gram Pulse +pulse (Gram +Lentil Field pea) Sugar cane +Pulse (moong/ urd)

32. Non monetary Management Choice of variety Seed inoculation Seed treatments Sowing time

33. Non monetary Management Plant population Plant protection Cultural operation

34. Biotic Stress of pulses

35. Important disease pests Wilt Stem rot Cankers Leaf spot Sterility Mosaic YMV

36. Important disease pests Web blight Cercospora leaf spot Root rot Anthrocanose Bacterial leaf spot

37. Important disease pests Mosaic Mottle Ascochyta blight Grey mould Rust Stunt Tip necrossis Powdery mildew

38. Important Insect pests Pod borer Pod fly Pod bug Leaf binder and Webbers

39. Important Insect pests Jassid White flies Bihar Hairy caterpillar Beetles Cutworms

40. Important Insect pests Stem fly Leaf min or Leaf eating caterpillars Aphids

41. Important Insect pests Painted bug Mustard Sawfly Linseed midge

42. Agronomic Management Optimum plant stand

43. Agronomic Management Water management

44. Agronomic Management Weed management

45. Agronomic Management Nutrient management

46. Nutrient Management Major/ primary Nutrient N P K

47. Nutrient Management Secondary Nutrient Ca Mg S

48. Nutrient Management Micro Nutrients Zn Bo Mo Cu

49. Use of Hormones IAA IBA Cytokines

50. Input management Source Dose Time methods

51. Critical Stages Weeds and crops Water management Nutrient management Pesticide application

52. Genetic modification

53. Growth habit In determinant V/S Determinant

54. Temperature tolerance Thermo sensitive V/S Thermo insensitive

55. Photo sensitivity Photo sensitive V/S Photo insensitive

56. Photosynthetic activity C3 V/S C4 cycle

57. Important improved pulse varieties Name of CropsImproved varieties Pigeon peaSarad, P-9, UPAS-120, Bahar Mung beanPusa Vishal, Samart, Sona, SML668 Urd bean T-9, Pant Urd-30, Pant Urd-19, Birsa Urd CowpeaPusa Barsati, Pusa Dofasali, Pusa Rituraj Moth beanJawala, Type-1 Baleshwer-12,G-1 Horse gramMadhu,CO-1,HPK-2, PDM-1 ChickpeaPusa-256,RAU-52,SG-2, Rajendra Chana PeaMalviya, Rachana, Harbhajan Aparna LentilPL-406,MallikaA,arun,PL-639 Khesari(Lathyrus)B-1, Pusa -24, JRL-16, 24, JRL-15, JRL-43 Kidney beanPDR-14, Malviya Rajma-15

58. Search for new gene Biotic stress tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance Breaking yield plateau Improving quality

59. Thanks