1. In August 2015, all Grade 11 IB DP Biology students (HL&SL) will start the year by studying a unit on Cell Biology. This Summer Learning Pack includes resources that will get you ready to gain some of the understandings and skills necessary to complete the Cell Biology unit successfully Go through the learning resources that follow, and address the inquiry questions written at the top of each page. Pay attention to the understandings, applications and skills that have been cut and pasted from the IB DP Biology syllabus. You are not required to turn in any notes or written answers to the inquiry questions. But you must arrive to your first IB DP Biology classes in August 2015 being familiar with the understandings, skills and applications included in this Summer Learning Pack. If you are stuck, check out the IB DP Biology websites on the last page

2. Understandings According to cell theory, all living organisms are composed of cells Organisms consisting of only one cell carry out all functions of life in that cell Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells What is Cell Theory? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU

3. Understandings Surface area to volume ratio is important in the limitation of cell size Why does surface area: volume ratio limit the size of a cell? http://www.brown.edu/Courses/BI0020_Miller/week/10/web-1/4-2-2007_10-20- 26/Chapter_41/Present/Animations/41_A01/41_A01s.html

4. Understandings Specialized tissues can develop by cell differentiation in multicellular organisms Differentiation involves the expression of some genes and not others in a cell’s genome The capacity of stem cells to divide and differentiate along different pathways is necessary in embryonic development and also makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses What is a stem cell? Why are stem cells unusual? http://www.ns.umich.edu/stemcells/C_030206.html http://www.ns.umich.edu/stemcells/022706_TabA.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/

5. How big is a bacterium? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale

6. Understandings Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization Applications and skills Application: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell? http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm http://www.classzone.com/books/hs/ca/sc/bio_07/animated_biology/bio_ch05_014 9_ab_fission.html http://www.ryancshaw.com/Files/micro/Animations/BacterialGrowth/micro_bacteri al_growth.swf www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_pathogens/pathogens2.c fm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1

7. Understandings Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure Applications and skills Application: Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas and within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs What is the structure of a eukaryotic cell? http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm

8. Understandings Phospholipids form bilayers in water due to the amphipathic properties of phospholipid molecules Cholesterol is a component of animal cell membranes Applications and skills Skill: Drawing of the fluid mosaic model http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm What is the structure of a cell membrane?

9. Understandings Particles move across membranes by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport Applications and skills Application: Structure and function of sodium–potassium pumps for active transport and potassium channels for facilitated diffusion in axons How do small molecules move in and out of cells? http://www.abpischools.org.uk/res/coResourceImport/modules/homeostasis_kidney s/fullscreenflash3-1.cfm http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_facilitated_dif fusion_works.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_the_sodium_ potassium_pump_works.html

10. Understandings The fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells by endocytosis or released by exocytosis. Vesicles move materials within cells How do large molecules move in and out of cells? http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/12006 8/bio02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/phagocitosis.swf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__phagocytosis.html

11. Understandings: Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm Applications and skills: Skill: Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph How do eukaryotic cells replicate? http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_w orks.html http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/mitosis/movie-flash.htm

12. Here are some IB DP Biology websites that provides lots of useful background material http://i-biology.net/ http://ibguides.com/biology/home http://click4biology.info/index.htm http://www.ib.bioninja.com.au