1. Open Information Systems for Disaster Management http://openisdm.iis.sinica.edu.tw OpenISDM team members present: F. T. Lin, H. L. Lin, P. H. Tsai, & J. W. S. Liu August 9, 2012 at NCKU

2. 0% 100% 024h48h 72h Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

3. Happenings Everywhere

4. OSIRIS and SANY in EU User information systems Operational services System services Sensor services Sensor Systems Generic  Display  Sensor tasking  Sensor Monitoring  Sensor man.  Proc./storage  Web mapping  Dataflow man.  Alarm service  Discovery  Access  Alert  Tasking.  Interface adaptor

5. Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US DM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP E911 & E911-IP

6. USA-Japan New (July 2012) Initiative To pursue fundamental advances in information technology in support of effective disaster management.

7. 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 災害防救應用服務平台 中央災害應變中 心分析研判組 資訊綜整共享運作機制 7 交通部 中央氣象局 交通部 中央氣象局 經濟部 水利署 經濟部 水利署 行政院農委會 水保局 行政院農委會 水保局 內政部營建署 內政部消防署 交通部 公路總局 交通部 公路總局 國家災害防救 科技中心 國家災害防救 科技中心 XML, KML 地方政府 民眾，記者 XML, KML 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 災情資訊 設施操作 … 基本圖資 監測圖資 中央災害應變中心 指揮官 XML KML 災情資訊 設施操作

8. Common Limitations The systems cannot make good use of all information sources, including ones owned by businesses, communities, and so on The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation The systems do not make effective use of early warnings to enhance preparedness

9. Wrapper interface Filtering and Fusion Information SourcesApplicationsOpen Information System Disaster mitigation applications Disaster warning systems Real-time C3 Sahana & other DMS Road and traffic conditions data.gov.tw datasets Weather forecast, models, imagery, sea surface temperature, etc Census and GIS data on vegetation, wildlife, geological profile, etc. Eyewitness reports, news, messages, twitter, etc. OpenSensorIS Sensor data on water levels & flow rates, soil moisture profile, land slide susceptibility; seismic activities; bridge stress, etc. Information flow control mechanisms Fusion, virtualization, & visualization services

10. Contents contributed by diverse, independent sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker service Sources = applications/users Individualized view of a virtual data cloud for each application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

11. A Framework for Open and Sustainable DMIS Jan-Ming Ho (IIS), Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Der-Tsai Lee (IIS) and Jane W. S. Liu (IIS & CITI) Application ComponentIT Component Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information John K. Zao (NCTU), Sheng-Wei Chen (IIS) Jane W. S. Liu (IIS) & Edward T.-H. Chu (NYUST) Disaster Information System for Resilient Communities Feng-Tyan Lin (NCKU) Hsueh-Cheng Chou (NCDR) Han-Liang Lin (NCKU) Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters Data Repository Shaw-Chen Liu (RCEC); Chia Chou (RCEC) Shih-Chun Lung (RCEC) & Mong-Ming Lu (CWB) Crustal Deformation and Faulting Behavior Databases Jian-Cheng Lee (IES), Long-Chen Kuo (IES) Wen-Tzong Liang (IES) Virtual Repository Ching-Teng Hsiao (CITI), Pen-Chung Yew (U of Minn) David Hung-Chang Du (U. of Minn) Open Information Gateway Chi-Sheng Shih (NTU), Ling-Jyl Chen (IIS) Phone Lin (NTU), Kwei-Jay Lin (UCI) Ching-Ju Lin (CITI) & Wei-Ho Chung (CITI)

12. OpenISDM Project Overview Goals include  To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems,  To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. Innovative information technologies include:  Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4-D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation  Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms  Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people  Resilient and dynamic open information gateway  Standard-based support for DM applications/services

13. Can facilitate the access, fusion, and use of data and information from all information sources built from things; Can weave together data/information from networked things and information contributed by people via web 2.0 services to offer users less fragmented, more timely and trustworthy information with higher availability; Can support independent development of applications and services for all phases of disaster management; Can adapt with needs, improve through use, and grow in capabilities with scientific and technological advances. Distinguishing Capabilities of Open and Sustainable DMIS

14. Reducing Uncertainty in Disaster Information Scientific & historical data CDEF WDR Taxi & bus RT data Taipei OpenData Tainan OpenData Taichung OpenData GIS ImagePanoramaVideoHistories Blogs on Tainan Shih, …………… …………… Chen …………… ………………… …………… Chu ……………… Volunteer participation server Volunteers & mobile devices To pursue a narrative approach to compiling, validating & use of disaster- related information & experiences by stakeholders of community resilience, To develop public participation platform, collaborating mechanisms & uncertainty reduction methodology Official DMIS OpenISDM Virtual Repository

15. Weather Disaster Risk Database Survey data GIS data Data Sources Population & Vulnerability Database (PV DB) Climate Extreme & Weather Disaster Database (CEWD DB) WDR DB Filter, fusion and visualization tools for weather disaster risk assessment & other scientific studies Interface services Meteorological and pollution data Risk Management for Mitigation & Adaptation Disaster Risk Assessment for weather disasters Access control services

16. Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior DB Earthquake detection & alert Real-time, automated earthquake source inversion Interface services Access control, format conversion & interoperability services Metadata management CDEF DB Real-time seismic data streams Palert Other seismic datasets Information sources Raw GPS data Position time series Network strain Network velocity Taiwan GPS lab Risk assessment & management QCN CWBSNBATS

17. TRIPS Communication infrastructure Heterogeneous And Plug-n-Play Network Store sensor data in persistent cloud Receive/report alerts Review data after disaster Publish/subscribe disaster data TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS Agent TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App Points Of Services OIGY

18. Emergency Information Access Break-the-glass (BTG) extensions of existing access control models TIBS (Trustworthy information brokerage service)  Proactive upload of emergency information on POS’s  Information release based on traceability and accountability Filters Scenario analysis SOPs & DSA workflows Information requirements Sources Filtered information Release and accountability causes Handle requests & enforce release policies POS

19. User Registration Policy Management Event trackers Policy DB Audit Record Identity Record Admin Audit Record Policy DB PEP PDP R RRRR P Audit Record Audit Record Helper ICC RC 3 Admin Provider Helper Policy DB PEPPIP PDP R RRRR P A Audit Record Provider Components of Information Broker Admin

20. Typical state-of- practice solution Official Sources XML ARC GIS Interfaces Custom Interfaces Other known sources Unknown Sources Including news, social media, etc. Scientific data sources CDEF CEWD Taxi & bus RT data Information access control/brokerage services VR resources and interface service tools: publishing assistant; vocabulary managers; query translators; model mapping and format conversion tools; filtering, fusion and visualization tools; crawlers, extractors, and parsers; social report validation tools, etc. LOD warehouse cloud(s) LOD repositories supporting on- demand caching Repositories with pre-cached linked- data values VR resources and LOD on points of service Interface services Virtual repository Taipei OpenData

21.  Cyber physical elements of smart environment for disaster preparedness  Technology for real-time connectivity assessment, report and repair  Models, algorithms, and tools for crowdsourcing human sensor data collection  Methods and tools for filtering and validating eyewitness reports from massive crowd  Methodology and scenarios for evaluation of TIBS relative to BTG approach On-Going Works on ICT

22. Earthquake Detection in Taiwan BATS: Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology 650 strong motion seismic stations Auto-location in seconds by taking advantage of Central Weather Bureau seismic network RF connections to TEC Data Center Capability of inverting BATS waveforms to obtain focal mechanisms for felt earthquakes in minutes Felt earthquakes 08/2011

23. Alert xmlns: … Sender: Central Weather Bureau Status: Actual MsgType: Alert Scope: Public Info Category: Geo Event: Earthquake Urgency: Immediate Severity: Strong Certainty: Observed Description: A strong earthquake measuring 6.9 occurred in … Parameters: Magnitude, depth, … Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas Resources: … … A Future Scenario

24. Standard-Based Alert Delivery Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Authenticated message senders http://www.fema.gov/emergency/ipaws/ipaws_cap_mg.pdf

25. Common Alert Protocol (CAP 1.2) ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007) A common format that supports  Broadcast of messages of all types to all public alert systems  Message exchange between emergency information systems  Aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources  End-to-end authentication and validation  Automatic reports by sensor systems to analysis centers  Automatic processing by smart devices and applications

26. ?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed … Magnitude 7.2 … 32.9525 -115.5585 0 … ?xmlns version = “1.0” alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interface Elevator controller Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interfaces Earthquake. Slow down, pull over Vehicle safety system iGaDsiGaDs

27. iGad CAP-aware elevator controller CAP-aware building management system CAP-aware entry access controller iGaD iGaDs in Smart Homes and Building (AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude>= 7.5) OR (AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 4) (AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6) OR (AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 3) AND (OutsideAirPressure * THRESHOLD_RATIO < InsideAirPressure)

28. An Example of CAP-Aware Application ?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed … Magnitude 7.2 … 32.9525 -115.5585 0 …

29. Strong earthquake CAP alert … Earthquake, Stay calm, Move to Checkout counters Follow directions as indicated by either arrows to a safer place

30. Elements of Disaster Prepared Environment  Standard-based alarm delivery and message exchanges as parts of DM infrastructure  Standard interfaces for processing & responding to standard-based alarms  Dependable, low-cost, customizable smart devices for enhanced disaster readiness CAP Message Processor Alert type & information Alert records Affected areas Alert message buffer Modem Signature validation XML parser Location filter Device Controller Device interfaces Configuration files Device location Resources Local data Rule processor Rule engine Activation parameters and rules “Cyber-physical elements of enhanced disaster prepared smart environment,” by Liu, Chu and Shih, to appear in IEEE Computer “Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness,” by Liao, et al, IEEE UIC 2012/UFirst Workshop

31. Cases for crowdsourcing information collection as parts of SOP Other major disasters WildfiresFloods in major cities

32. Technological Support for crowdsourcing  Chu, Liu and Shih, “Strategies for Crowdsourcing for Disaster Situation Information,” WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol.119, 2011  Chu, Chen, Lin and Liu, “Crowdsourcing Support System for Disaster Surveillance and Response” to appear in Proceedings of the 15 th International Symposium on WPMC, September 2012  Theoretical foundation of crowdsourcing human sensor data:  Models of human sensors and intelligent things  Algorithms for participant selection and tour planning  Information refinement and validation tools  Automatic crawlers and user interface for collecting and summarizing related information posted on clouds  User interfaces to let the crowd help verifying collected information  Algorithms for removal of suspect information after the crowd validation stage  Means for diverse local-based service (LBS) devices and applications to share information

33. Open GeoSMS Open GeoSMS Standard Specification, Ed by C. F. Lin, et al, OGC 09-142r1, Feb. 2010 http://maps.google.com/maps/?q= … &GeoSMS GeoSMS I am attending ESWeek 2011 at TICC in Taipei Let us meet at the conference? EJB. GeoSMS/2; NULL; NULL; Q; Where is TICC GeoSMS/2; 2520.714,N;12138.123.E; B; SMS query for location Reply with application provided location information GeoSMS/2; 2250.124.N; 12155.321.E;E; ROAD_FLOODING GeoSMS/2; 2250.124.N; 12155.321.E;E; SMOKE_VISIBLE Cross platform/system, and service standard Reports from participants Device/system/application provided location in a standard format Location accuracy adequate for now and is improving

34. 2009 Morakat typhoon  Hsiaolin village lost  Over 700 casualties  EOC was blind & deaf

35. Internet Footprint Investigation Service  Active Network Probe (ANP) proactively queries landmarks  Reactive Footprint Searcher (RFS) looks for footprints in potentially disconnected areas reported by ANP L. J. Chen, et at., “A rapid method for detecting geographically disconnected areas after disasters,” to appear in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Technologies for Homeland Security, Nov. 2011 Disaster Response Authorities Request for connectivity report ANP RFS List of polygons around disconnected landmarks Polygons of disconnected areas

36. Internet Mobile cellular base-station Connection Repair Last-mile mesh Gateway router  Mobile cellular base stations provide coverage for large areas temporarily.  Last-mile mesh network extends the coverage area and relays data through cellular stations to/from the Internet

37. THANK YOU