2. The Crusades

3. Essential Questions 1.How did the Eastern Roman Empire become the Byzantine Empire? 2.What were the purposes of the crusades? 3.What were the results of the crusades?

4. How the fight over Jerusalem began…

5. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire A. All that was left of original Roman Empire. B. Center was coastal city of Constantinople. C. Emperor Justinian expanded Eastern Roman empire to include its old Mediterranean lands.

7. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire cont…. New problems for a bigger empire A. They are unable to protect new lands in Italy. i. No money, population decline B. Islam biggest threat. Religion that united Arab groups.

8. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire cont…. D. Eastern Roman empire lost several areas to other groups. Jerusalem is one. Also a sacred land to Muslims. E. Left with much smaller empire know as the Byzantine empire.

9. The Crusades: Background What: Four battles that occurred between 11 th -13 th century. Why: Started with problems in the Byzantine Empire A. Byzantine empire deeply religious B. Emperor and Pope thought it was their duty to preserve the Christian faith. C. When the Turks (Muslims) attack, emperor asks Europe for help. Goal: European Christians carry out military expeditions to regain holy land from (infidels) Muslims.

10. 325-326 Read pages 325-326 and write down one reason for each listed group on your notes to join the crusades.

11. Rational of Crusades Church: Gain strength A. Pope Urban sees chance for church to lead the land, not government. B. Urban believes they have a sacred mission to show way to salvation. C. Pope gives speech to knights that death fighting in crusades would guarantee forgiveness of sins and place in heaven. Lords and Knights A. Reason to stop fighting each other. B. Gain salvation C. Adventure and chance to fight others. D. Gain territory, riches, and title. Italian merchants Italian merchants: Establish new trading partners.

12. Crusades from Christian Point of View 1.First Crusade: A. Several thousand fighters took back Jerusalem in a bloody battle. B. Muslims eventually start to fight back. 2.Second Crusade: A. Failure. Saladin and Muslims take back Holy City of Jerusalem. 3.Third Crusade: A. Included King Richard, German and French leaders. German Emperor drowns in river. Christian and Muslims at a draw. Deal reached for Christian’s safe pilgrimage.

13. Crusades 4. Fourth Crusade: A. After Saladin’s death. Venetian Crusaders sack Constantinople instead, competing port. 5.Children’s Crusade: A. Thousands of Germans go to Italy and get sent home by the Pope. B. Twenty thousand French kids try. Two boat loads drown in storm on way to Holy City. Five other boatloads taken to Africa and sold as slaves.

14. Results of Crusades 1.Benefited Italian port cities that have new trade routes with Europe. 2.Jews persecuted everywhere. 3.Broke down Feudalism system A. Nobles sold land and freed serfs to fight in the war. 4. Even stronger central governments in Spain, England, France, and Portugal with lord’s land and power depleted.