1. The Cold War

2. What is a “Cold War?” Ideological conflict between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the second half of the 20th century A state of political tension and military rivalry between nations that stops short of full-scale war

3. Separate Ideologies and Goals U.S. Capitalist and Democratic USSR: Communist and Totalitarian U.S. wants democracies in Eastern Europe USSR wants to extend control

4. United Nations Created June, 1945: 50 nations sign UN Charter Intended to promote peace Used by US and USSR as a tool Spread influence

5. United Nations building—New York

6. United Nations Flag

7. Potsdam Conference July, 1945: US, Britain, and USSR meet USSR controls Eastern European land Taken from Nazis during WWII Stalin had promised free elections Poland, Hungary, etc. in Eastern Europe He backs out of his promise

10. Puppet Governments in E. Europe Stalin sets up puppets Albania, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Poland Countries become satellite nations Controlled by USSR USSR creates an “Iron Curtain” Draped over Eastern Europe

12. Harry S. Truman (33 rd President)

13. Truman President Truman gives aid to Europe Truman Doctrine: Support free people in resisting communism Aid to countries (Turkey, Greece, etc.) Containment: Prevention of communist expansion

14. George Marshall

15. Marshall Plan (1947) Western Europe ruined after WWII Destruction, starvation, bad winters Threat of communism US spends 13 billion in aid 100 Billion in today’s dollars Rebuilds W. Europe

16. Berlin Airlift Germany cut into four sections US, USSR, Britain, France Berlin in Soviet section Stalin cuts off city (Blockade) US/British drop food into West Berlin Lasts 327 days, 277,000 flights

18. Berlin Airlift

19. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Western Europe/US create alliance 12 nations Attack on one is an attack on all USSR creates Warsaw Pact Alliance of puppet governments