1. Scientific Classification: Taxonomy SB 3 c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems

2. CLASSIFICATION – the grouping of organisms by similarities – Biological classifications are based on how organisms are related. Group AGroup B

3. Aristotle’s Groups – He divided all living things into 2 major groups – 1. Plants – classified by size and structure – 2. Animals – classified by habitat (where they lived)

4. Taxonomy – the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms; the study of classification

5. MODERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM – Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: – Similarity in structure ( anatomy) Felis domesticusFelis rufusPanthera leo

6. Similarity in structure Canis lupus

7. Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: – Similarity in genetic makeup (biochemistry)

8. Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: – Similarity of embryonic development

10. Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: – Similarity in behavior

11. Organisms are grouped together on the basis of: – Similarity in evolutionary history – Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species based on comparing relationships between species using the fossil record

12. – Classification is based on close evolutionary relationships of organisms. – Organisms classified in the same taxa (pl.) (taxon, sing.) share a common ancestry. They have evolved from the same common ancestral organism.

13. – Classification is hierarchal – each successive level is smaller and more closely related than the one before it

14. – Domain – Largest Group – Kingdom – Phylum (sing.) – Phyla (pl.)(Plants don’t have phyla, they have divisions.) – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species – smallest taxon These two taxa make up the scientific name.

15. D__________ k __________ p__________ c_________ o___________ f________ g_________ s________. Dominating kings play chess on fine gold sets.

16. D_________K__________ p__________ c_________ o___________ f________ g_________ s________. Dear King Phillip came over for great soup.

17. Binomial Nomenclature  Binomial nomenclature is a standard way of identifying a species with a scientific two-word name.  The first word is the genus name and the second the species name.

18. Binomial Nomenclature  Scientific name - 2 Latin names  - Genus and species  - Capitalize the first letter of the genus  - Do NOT capitalize the species  - ALWAYS underline or use italics Ex. Homo sapiens

19. Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name: Homo sapiens Common Name: Daddy & Olivia

20. Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name: Rudbeckia hirta Common Name: Gloriosa daisy or Black-eyed Susan

21. Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name: Pinus virginianis Common Name: Virginia Pine

22. Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name: Harmonia axyridis Common Name: Asian Ladybug

23. Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name: Ophiophagus hannah Common Name: King Cobra

24. Why use scientific names? – Common names do not indicate how organisms are related or classified. Common names can be misleading. (e.g., seahorse, weeping willow) Organisms with more than one common name leads to mass confusion.

25. Why Latin? – Latin is no longer spoken, and therefore, does not change as spoken languages do.  So, scientific names remain the same forever.