1. Classification Trotter 2011-2012

2. What is classification? What is classification? To classify means to group similar things To classify means to group similar things How do you use classification every day? How do you use classification every day? Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc… Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc… Everyone uses classification all the time, not just biologists. Everyone uses classification all the time, not just biologists.

3. Carl Linnaeus What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms Which scientist invented our system of taxonomy we use today? Carl Linnaeus! It is called hierarchical classification He used latin to describe species, which is what we still use today (that is why we italicize scientific names!)

4. Linnaeus vs. Today Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics Now we group plants based on phylogeny Now we group plants based on phylogeny Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants are related. Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants are related. We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. This is how science works! This is how science works!

5. Some Marine Examples…all are Echinoderms!

6. Hierarchical Classification It starts very broad and gets more specific It starts very broad and gets more specific 7 hierarchies in our system: 7 hierarchies in our system: KingdomVery broad KingdomVery broad Phylum (Division) Phylum (Division) Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus SpeciesVery specific SpeciesVery specific

7. The 6 Kingdoms Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdoms Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdoms Plantae Plantae Animalia Animalia Protista Protista Fungi Fungi Archeabacteria Archeabacteria Eubacteria Eubacteria

8. Some Vocab to know Autotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Hermaphrodites Hermaphrodites Decopmosers Decopmosers Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Prokaryotic

9. Plantae Coral reef plants Sargasso Seaweed

10. Protista in the Ocean

11. Protista Animallike Protists - also called protozoa (means "first animal") - heterotrophs Plantlike Protists - also called algae - autotrophs Funguslike Protists - heterotrophs, decomposers, external digestion Animallike Protists - also called protozoa (means "first animal") - heterotrophs Plantlike Protists - also called algae - autotrophs Funguslike Protists - heterotrophs, decomposers, external digestion

12. Red tide: Protists

13. Fungi

14. Animalia Porifera Florida Spiny Lobster: August 6 through March 31

15. Archeabacteria: prokaryotes and unicellula

16. Hydrothermal Vents

17. Eubacteria: True Bacteria Some prokarotic cells

18. True Bacteria Single celled prokaryotic cells Single celled prokaryotic cells About 40 millions bacterial cells in one gram of soil ! About 40 millions bacterial cells in one gram of soil ! No cell wall No cell wall

19. Dichotomous keys What is a dichotomous key? What is a dichotomous key? A step-by-step guide to identify an organism A step-by-step guide to identify an organism Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. The descriptions have to be opposites The descriptions have to be opposites Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not round Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not round