1. United Kingdom

3. Creation of the “Constitution of the Crown” Sources of authority – Tradition – Ration-legal Magna Carta Bill of Rights Common Law (civil law)

4. History Evolution of United Kingdom Political Development – Nation-state Great Britain – England – Scotland – Wales Northern Ireland – Liberal democracy – Role of Anglican Church – No written constitution

5. Historical Development, con’t. Economic Development – Industrial Revolution Rise of middle and working classes Urbanization Social/cultural Development: mostly consensual culture (“collective consensus”)

6. Political Culture HIGH legitimacy! Mostly consensual culture Insularity Noblesse oblige Increasing multi-nationalism 3 theories of governing

7. The British Royal Family

8. Political and Economic Change Gradualism!!! – Increased voting rights & Labour Party (Trade Union Council) – Post-WWII collective consensus Beveridge Report: social insurance program (NHS) Mixed economy – 1970s: economic crisis – 1980s: Thatcherism – Late 1990s-early 2000s: Blair’s “Third Way”

9. Citizens, Society, and State Mostly homogeneous culture, but multinationalism Social class distinctions – Education Ethnic minorities Political beliefs and values Voting behavior

10. Political Participation Factors affecting political participation Recruitment of political elite Interest groups – How to best influence policymaking – Insider v. outsider groups – trends

11. Political Parties British politics = party-based Since WWII, multi-party (though system still dominated by only 2 parties) Comparison of US and British political parties (see chart p. 127)

14. Political Parties: Conservatives Pre-1970s Changes under Margaret Thatcher Current leader: David Cameron Conservatives today

15. Political Parties: Labour Origins 1970 shift to the left →huge losses! Moderation in 1980s Changes under Tony Blair in 1990s and 2000s Current leader: Ed Miliband

16. Political Parties: Liberal Democrats Origins – Liberals (Post WWII) – ’80s: Liberals + Social Democrats = Alliance – ’87 Liberal Democratic Party (Paddy Ashdown) Strong local support; biggest issue = proportional representation 1997 elections; aftermath 2010 elections; aftermath Current leader: Nick Clegg

17. Political Parties: Minor Parties Wales: Plaid Cymru Scotland: Scottish National Party Northern Ireland: – Sinn Fein – Democratic Unionist Party British National Party United Kingdom Independence Party

18. Elections “First-past-the- post”/winner-take- all/single-member districts Favors two-party system 2010 Election (also see next slide) Conservatives: 36% (305 seats) Labour 29% (258 seats) Liberal Democrats 23% (57 seats)

20. All 650 seats in the House of Commons.650 seatsHouse of Commons First partySecond partyThird party LeaderDavid CameronGordon BrownNick Clegg PartyConservativeLabourLiberal Democrat Leader since6 December 200524 June 200718 December 2007 Leader's seatWitney Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath Sheffield Hallam Last election198 seats, 32.4%355 seats, 35.2%62 seats, 22.1% Seats before21034962 Seats won306^25857 Seat change97*91*5* Popular vote10,703,7548,609,5276,836,824 Percentage36.1%29.0%23.0% Swing3.7%6.2%1.0%

21. Political Institutions: Executive (“Whitehall”) Whitehall = real power Prime Minister – 10 Downing Street – Maximum 5 year terms – Prime minister vs. president – Roles

22. Executive, con’t. Cabinet and Ministers – Also MPs – Path to becoming minister – Roles/loyalties/collective responsibility – Process for creating laws White paper Debate Votes of confidence Three-line whip Shadow cabinet

23. Executive, con’t. Civil servants – Administrators only; nonpartisan – Qualifications – #1 job = looking out for minister

24. Political Institutions: Legislature Monarch: formal roles House of Lords – 3 types – Roles – Reforms House of Commons – Debates! (Question time!) – Frontbenchers vs. backbenchers – Opposition party’s “shadow cabinet”

25. Political Institutions: Judiciary No judicial review Law lords Issue of EU Bill of Rights and EU Court UK Supreme Court – Criminal cases – devolution

26. Public Policy and Current Issues Making and delivering government policy Local governments Thatcher Revolution/ “Thatcherism” Blair’s “Third Way” Current policy issues – Proportional representation – Government’s role in the economy – Britain and the EU – Direction of post-Blair policy – British/US relationship – Devolution, decentralization and constitutional reform – Terrorism