1. Chapter 5 Multimodalism

6. Multimodalism is the process of providing a door-to -door or warehouse-to- warehouse service to the shipper which embraces two or more forms of transport,and involves the merchandise being conveyed in a unitized form in the same unit throughout transit. It involves s scheduled and/or dedicated service.

7. Forms of multimodalism are: 1,Containerization -FCL/LCL/road/sea/rail. 2,Land-bridge-trailer/truck-road/sea/road. 3,Land-bridge pallet/IATA/container- road/sea/air/road. 4,Trailer/truck-road/rail/sea/road/. 5,Swap-body-road/rail/sea/road/. All forms of Multimodalism involve a dedicated service usually under non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) or non-vessel operating carrier (NOVC) arrangements.

8. 5.1 Rationale of development of multi-modalism The development of multi-modalism has arisen due to the following reasons: 1,"just-in-time" strategy 2,Shippers demanding 3,The documentation

9. 4,changing rapidly from the primary products to industrialized scene 5,Containerization and its infrastructure through the seaport network continues to expand. 6,The development of distriparks,districentres and free trade zones continues to grow, 7,Markets are becoming more global and marketers 8,Operators

10. 9.EDI 10.more closely together to keep pace and facilitate trade development, 11.Governments encouraging a global trade strategy,and providing the infrastructure to facilitate this objective. 12.The European marker Overall, the foregoing factors demonstrate how multi-modalism is leading the growth of worldwide markets.

11. 5.2 factors driving multi-modalism in the twenty-first century Overall multi-modalism involves a team of provides in a transport chain where all the constituents work closely together in accord with market needs and objectives. It requires each party to the multi-modal operation

12. Accordingly, developments now sought in the European intermodal network include the following: 1.container lines 2.more multi-modal focused strategy 3.more multi-modal orientated business. 4.A new international cooperative forum. 5.Formulation of global logistics operators and intermodal marketing companies. 6. single European infrastructure strategy. 7.a single transport market 8.intermodality. 9.relevant data. 10.Complete transparency

13. All these port hinterland by rail or road.such development are global in developed and developing countries, newly industrialized countries and less developed countries. Each have a different economic profile,but all have the opportunity to develop their economies through such investment.It brings together,through trade,high and low -cost labor markets of varying skills featuring industrial and agriculture economies.

14. 5.3Features of multi-modalism Given below is a broad analysis of multi- modalism: it provides a dedicated service with each operator or carrier committed to the schedule. It operates under NVOVV or NVOC arrangements. A strong feature is its provision of a regular, reilable,competitively price quality door-to-door service with acceptable transit times.

15. the transport modes to the advantage of the shipper. EDI expands on a global scale,the multi-modal network will move with it. The multi-modal network is very extensive and fast growing.. It is consumer led and market driven in its development in a logistic environment. Overall,it is bringing markets and the buyer and seller closer together, and especially so in the high- tech and fast -moving consumer markets including foodstuffs.

16. operators are providing logistics departments to customize their clients` needs. Good asset. Under the auspices of the ICC and other international bodies Operators are strongly committed to multi-modalism,

17. a new impetus to the role of seaports and airports less port-to-port cargo and the accelerated growth of multi- modalism, As indicated. Market research is an essential ingredient to develop the system. Multi-modalism develops new markets, improves commodity quality, raises loadability and lowers transit times,reduces packing and aids the development of consumer high tech fast-moving markets. The system favors both the large and small shipper by involving the full load or consolidated consignment. Multi-modalism has become computer driven with high-tech communication system embracing all aspects of the transit including cargo tracking. It encourages transparency in the multi-modal supply chain between all parties.

18. 5.4 multi-modalism integration Multi-modalism is all about integrating transport networks to provide a value added service to users. It is also linked to logistics and globalization. Detailed below are three cases of cooperation and coordination in Asia involving connecting transport modes and providers: A: new Delhi B: shippers` body eases consolidation C: malaysia seaport gets air designation

19. 5.5multi-modalism strategy The "just-in -time"strategy together with the role of distriparks, distriparks,FTZ,ICD/dry ports, air and land-bridges,Local Clearance procedure, and the industrial plant transplant,will all become established on a global basis. The ramifications of multi-modalism will contribution signification to raising living standards worldwide.