1. GEOGRAPHY FINAL REVIEW: UNITS 5-8

2.  Climate  Warm in the Southern parts  Colder in the North  Transportation: Because of the river system in Europe, a lot of shipping happens. Trains can pass easily through borders too.  East vs West  East Europe: Under the Communist Bloc for 50 years. Not as developed as the west  West Europe: Free Markets and no USSR allowed the west European countries to flourish

3.  European Union  Shengen: Free passage between all EU countries  Euro: Currency for the EU. Has replaced most native currency  Not everyone is a member of the EU  Population Distribution  Most people live in West Europe  Good majority live along the coasts, specifically Mediterranean Sea  Places like Iceland and Scandinavia too cold for bustling cities  Pollution  Chernobyl: Worst nuclear accident in history. Power Plant exploded. Irradiated land in Ukraine (affected people all the way in the USA)  Acid Rain: Coal deposits in the atmosphere cause acidic rain, damages plants and ancient structures  Danube River: Poisoned with cyanide from mines. Killed thousands of fish

4.  Population: Most choose to live in cities. Rainforest and Andes make it hard to live in those regions.  Drug Trade: Has lead to an increase in violence in the region as well as corruption and political issues  Natural Disasters:  El Nino: Warm weather current from Pacific Ocean. Throws off all climate in L.A.  Hurricanes: Storms from Africa that cause high winds and rain  Earthquake: Shifting tectonic plates that hurt coastal cities and island

5.  Rainforest: Amazon hosts a lot of trees. Been affected by loggers and ranchers.  Also has a good amount of resources. It is in danger to say the least  Brazil: Has had a cycle of boom and bust economy. Problems with poverty and corruption  Political Instability: If a country is instable, its economy is also probably unstable.  Quechua: Ethnic group related to the Incas. Live in the Andes Mountains  Zapotec: Ethnic Group related to the Aztec. Live in Mexico

6.  Urban Sprawl  Cities that are mapped close to one another  Impacts environment often  Mostly in US & Canada  Megalopolis  Two cities close to each other as one big region (Think the 5 Boroughs of NYC)  Urban Core  Main center of a major city  Regions of the US  Midwest  West  South  Northeast  Migration  Political instability push people out of countries  Good education pull them to the US  Loss of American jobs and government assistance

7.  Ethnic Groups  Aborigines: Natives of Australia for 40,000 years  Maori: Natives of New Zealand  Samoan: Natives of Samoa  Papua New Guinea: Most diverse area of Oceania  Regions of Oceania  Polynesia  Micronesia  Melanesia

8. GERMANY SPAIN U.K. UKRAINE ITALY POLAND PORTUGAL GREECE SWEDEN ICELAND RUSSIA

9. URAL MTS NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN ALPS RHINE  DANUBE PYRENEES E. CHANNEL NORWEGIAN SEA

10. BRAZIL COLOMBIA ARGENTINA CHILE  GUATEMALA 

11. CARIBBEAN ANDES PAMPAS  AMAZON RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN

12. MEXICO UNITED STATES CANADA APPALACHIAN ROCKIES MISSISSIPPI  GULF OF MEXICO