2. THE TEXAS INDIANS The Plains Region

3. COMANCHE

4. LOCATION –Plains of Texas –Panhandle into central Texas

5. LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Warriors –Most feared –Many enemies

6. SHELTER Teepees

7. MAIN FOODS buffalo

8. APPEARENCE Fancy tattoos Bright colors Braided hair Men wore buffalo headdresses

9. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN War chief – best rider and fighter Peace chief – older male who was recognized in battle

10. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Expert horse riders Scalped enemies – –To keep enemies’ soul from the after life

11. Scalping

12. KIOWAS

13. LOCATION –Far east side of the Panhandle

14. LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Allies to Comanche

15. SHELTER Teepees

16. MAIN FOODS Hunted –Buffalo, elk, antelope, deer, bear

17. APPEARENCE Decorated with feathers

18. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS SUNDANCE –mid June –To prevent sickness and disaster

19. LIPAN APACHES

20. LOCATION –Southwest Plains

21. LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Warriors Expert with Bow and Arrow

22. SHELTER Teepees

23. MAIN FOODS Buffalo Gardening –Corn, beans, squash

24. APPEARENCE Decorated with feathers Pierced left ear (6-8 times) Hair –Left short –Right Long

25. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Women – liked to garden –Great respect for women

26. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Expert horse riders Feared death –Buried their dead quickly Buried with possessions

27. MESCALERO APACHES

28. LOCATION –Far west Texas Mountains

29. LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Irrigation farming like the Pueblo Indians.

30. SHELTER Teepees

31. MAIN FOODS Depended less on Buffalo

32. TONKAWAS

33. LOCATION –North central plains

34. LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Enemy of the Comanche

35. MAIN FOODS Buffalo Gardening Fish, deer, birds, rabbits, turtle, snakes, nuts, and fruits

36. APPEARENCE Some men tattooed entire body

37. THE TEXAS INDIANS Southeastern Region

38. CADDOES

39. LOCATION –Northeast Texas

40. LIFE-STYLE Richest and most advanced Friendly Willing and smart traders farmers

41. SHELTER Sturdy homes (domes)

42. MAIN FOODS Corn Beans Squash Sunflower seeds

43. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Men helped women grow crops Women had a voice in Government Women treated with dignity and respect

44. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Crop rotation Trotline Beautiful pottery “Texas” comes from the Caddoe word for “friend”

45. ATAKAPANS

46. LOCATION –Galveston Island to the Sabine River

47. LIFE-STYLE Farmers

48. MAIN FOODS Corn Farming –Not as advanced as the Caddoes Wild game, nuts, berries, fish, and alligators

49. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Used alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes

50. WICHITAS

51. LOCATION –Along Red River

52. LIFE-STYLE Lived along creeks and Rivers Enemy of the Comanche

53. SHELTER Domes

54. MAIN FOODS Corn, squash, beans Hunted Buffalo Did not eat fish

55. APPEARENCE Tattooed bodies

56. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Raccoon eye tattoos on face

57. THE TEXAS INDIANS The Western Gulf

58. KARANKAWA

59. LOCATION –Galveston to Corpus Christi

60. LIFE-STYLE Expert with bow and arrow hunting animals and fishing Nomadic

61. SHELTER Wooden Hut and Teepees

62. MAIN FOODS Oyster, Clams, Scallops, and Turtle

63. APPEARENCE Beautiful women Tall/muscular men Pierced chest and lips Brightly painted bodies –No clothes

64. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Women took down and set up homes

65. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Used dugout trees for canoes Gave children special treatment Rubbed on alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes Cannibals!

66. COAHUILTECAN

67. LOCATION –South Texas

68. MAIN FOODS Gathered food from land Cacti, nuts, spiders, snakes, lizards, and grub worms

69. APPEARENCE Strong: known for endurance

70. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Mitotes –All night celebrations

71. THE TEXAS INDIANS Pueblo

72. JUMANO

73. LOCATION –West Texas Along Rio Grande

74. LIFE-STYLE Able to survive in very dry climate.

75. SHELTER Adobe Homes –good insulation in winter and summer

76. MAIN FOODS Farmed –Corn, squash, beans Small game

77. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Irrigation ditches Allies of the Apache

78. Tiguas

79. LOCATION –West Texas & Big Bend Area

80. MAIN FOODS Farmers Corn is main crop Men hunt small animals in area.

81. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Famous for their beautiful pottery 1 st Spanish Mission was built for the Tiguas Still in Texas

82. MESCALERO LIPAN APACHES Tiguas LOCATION OF TEXAS INDIAN TRIBES