1. Theories of ageing Unit 4

2. Today you will be able to: Describe 3 theories of ageing Apply the theories to an individual Suggest how care providers can ensure that an individual lives their life how they choose.

3. Not everybody will age the same way. Some will choose to withdraw from society. Some will remain active in their old age Others will continue to live their lives as normal. There are different theories to explain this.

4. Disengagement theory Engagement means to be involved with people and activities. Disengagement means withdraw from engagement. Theory- older people will need to withdraw from social contact and will disengage because of reduced health and loss of social opportunities.

5. Cumming and Henry 1961 These two authors suggest that older people would naturally withdraw from social involvement as they get older, due to restricted opportunities. They claimed that it was a natural part of ageing. Can you suggest some reasons why?

6. Ill health Geographical mobility Retirement Ill health of friends and relatives Travel and technology

7. Scenario Imagine you broke your leg. You have no internet access, no phone, Facebook and you cannot go out. Would you begin to disengage?

8. Criticism Zimbardo (1992) argued that the majority of older people remain socially involved with friends and family. They spend time with people they feel close to rather than making new friends. Does this make them disengaged? When the original theory was proposed in 1961 there was no internet, technology or access to a car.

9. Second scenario Again imagine that you have a broken leg. This time you have access to a laptop and your phone. Would technology help? Do health problems automatically cause social withdrawal or is it more complicated?

10. Activity theory A theory which suggests that older people need to remain mentally and socially active in order to limit the risks associated with disengagement.

11. Activity theory In 1966 Bromely argued that older people needed to disengage, but they also needed to remain active in order to prevent disengagement going too far. Facilities need to be provided and the elderly encouraged to use them. Too much disengagement= stagnation, a loss of mental and physical skills. What are your thoughts on this theory? What can be done to achieve this?

12. Continuity theory Atchley (1989) stresses the importance of continuing as the person you have always been. Continue interests, lifestyle and social contacts.

13. Continuity theory It is important that people continue to develop a sense of self esteem. Some people need to stay actively involved with people or hobbies to feel that life is worthwhile. Can you think of a person who has adopted this theory?

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15. Assignment 4 P4-You will need to discuss and compare theories- use examples for this M2- link the theories to your chosen individual

16. Ageing and the health and social care provision Where do older people live for their remaining years? Discuss….

17. Majority in own homes with support from a carer or family/ friends. Care home- residential care. Sheltered housing. Day centres. Hospice.

18. Older people should always have a choice as to how active they wish to be. In groups decide how each provision can provide opportunities for older people to remain active.

19. Assignment 4 D2- evaluate how theories of ageing influence health and social care provision. If at home how can older people be encouraged to remain active? In a care home would they be expected to withdraw? What can be done to prevent this?

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