1. VEHICLE NAVIGATION AND TEMPERATURE RISE IN THE CITY Prof.Dr.Orhan KUNTAY

2. What is urban heat island? “areas whose temperature are 5-10 oC higher than the neighbouring areas”

3. Real Türk Traktör Fab. Ankamall

4. Reasons for the temperature rise in a city 1. It depends on climate 2. It is related to energy 3. It is geographical 4. It is morphological 5. It is structural 6. It is related to land use in the city 7. It is related to fuel used in transportation 8. It is related to the orientation of the buildings

5. What are the disadvantages of formation of heat islands? It is advantageous during winter There is a problem during the summer season

6. Research In order to determine the surface heat islands in Ankara, projections of the Landsat satellite were taken for a 10-year period and the heat islands which were heated the most at 8.00 a.m. were determined.

7. Real Türk Traktör Fab. Ankamall

9. Initial Results of the Research: AnkaMall Features of the climate and vehicle traffic – elevation of the area is lower than other locations of the city, highways go by Features related to energy – During the heating and cooling process of a huge shopping center, a great amount of energy is given outside Geographical features – The area is a valley base. For this reason, CO2 accumulation is the highest in this location. Morphological features – almost no tree present in the area

10. Initial Results of the Research: AnkaMall Structural features – outer surfaces of the building are covered with reflecting and heat absorbing hard material, parked vehicles emit heat to their surroundings like an oven Features about the usage of the area – A large parking lot, and a large and closed shopping center create enough reasons for an increase in temperature. Features of fuel used in transportation – LPGs that have not gone through an inspection navigate on the streets – vehicles navigate in the city without exhaust emission audits Features about the orientation of the buildings – It is the most suitable direction to be protected from the cold winds during winter

11. Turk Tractor Factory

12. Climate features and vehicle traffic – It is located on a valley base. CO2 accumulation is high Features about energy – operates three shifts, high levels of energy is consumed Geographical features – it is not possible to remove the polluted air and the water vapour with the air current Morphological features – nearly no greenery in the area. A large area is paved with concrete in order to park the tractors.

13. Turk Tractor Factory Structural features – roof of the factory covering an area about 100.000 m2 is covered with metal materials. It emits heat to its surroundings. Other features about the usage of the area – The issue to be discussed here is the establishment of such a factory in one of the green and forest areas of Ankara. Features of fuel – No fuel effect Features about the orientation of the island – It is not possible to make an evaluation of the island on this point.

14. RESULT The research has not been concluded yet. However, it is seen that the temperature rise caused by the parking of the vehicles is more effective than the temperature rise caused by the vehicle traffic. It can be said that all the streets in Ankara are like ovens due to the parked cars. Facades of the buildings and roofs are clear to be heat keepers It is understood that researches about the “urban heat islands” will contribute much to the city planning studies.