1. Solutions Formed when substances dissolve in other substances
Homogeneous mixture
Single phase
Remain mixed; particles do not settle out
Cannot be separated by filtration
Episode 1001

2. Solvent Solute Present in larger amount
Dissolves the solute to make the solution
Solute
Present in lesser amount
Dissolved in the solvent
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3. Examples of Types of Solutions
LIQUID SOLUTIONS: liquid solvent in which a gas, solid, or liquid is dissolved
Gas dissolved in liquid
Ex. Carbonated drink
Liquid in liquid
Ex. Antifreeze in water
Miscible: the two liquids mix
Immiscible: the two liquids don’t mix
Solid in a liquid
Ex. Salt water
Episode 1001

4. Alloys: solid mixtures of metals
SOLID SOLUTIONS:
Alloys: solid mixtures of metals
(Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc)
GAS SOLUTIONS:
Gases dissolved in each other (air is most common example)
Aqueous: water is the solvent
Tincture: alcohol is the solvent
Episode 1001

5. Suspensions A heterogeneous mixture
Particles in the solvent are thousands of times larger than molecules and ions
Particles will settle out upon standing
Can be separated by filtration
Exhibit the Tyndall Effect
The scattering of light in all directions
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6. Colloid
Particles are intermediate in size between those of suspensions and solutions
Particles do not settle out upon standing
Can not be separated by filtration
Exhibit the Tyndall Effect
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7. Emulsions Colloidal dispersion of liquids in liquids
Emulsifying agent is necessary for maintaining stability
(Soap is an example)
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8. Dissolve in water to form a solution that conducts electric current
Electrolytes:
Dissolve in water to form a solution that conducts electric current
Nonelectrolytes:
Dissolves in water to form a solution that does not conduct electric current
Episode 1001

9. Factors Affecting the Rate of Solution
Surface area:
Increasing the surface area of the solute by crushing speeds up dissolving by increasing the number of collisions between solvent and the solute surface
Agitation:
Stirring or shaking helps to disperse solute particles, increasing the number of collisions between solvent and the solute particles
Heating:
Increases the average kinetic energy of the solvent molecules so that the collisions between the solvent molecules and the solute are more frequent
Episode 1001