1. New Nationalism
Element: Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mohandas Gandhi.
Vocabulary: Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, Mohandas Gandhi

2. Indian Nationalism India was a colony of Great Britain
Indians had served with the British in WWI
England did not keep promise of granting Indian Independence
Indian began to resent English rule
England enacted the Rowlatt Acts: gave British colonial government the right to imprison protesters for as long as two years without a trial

3. Indian Nationalist Movement
Description:
led by upper-class, English-educated
preferred reform over revolution
came from urban areas such as Mumbai (then called Bombay) and Calcutta
reform became slow paced

4. Amritsar Massacre
In 1919 a group of Hindus and Muslims marched together to Amritsar to show support of Indian Nationalism
England had banned public meetings, and troops were ordered to fire into the crowd = 400 dead
Increased hatred of English rule = increase in Indian Nationalism

5. Indian Nationalist Movement
Indian National Congress (INC):
formed in1885 by a small group of Indians
called for a share in the governing process with Britain, not full independence
split between Hindus and Muslims
Muslims began to call for a separate league to better represent the interests of India’s millions of Muslims

6. Indian Nationalist Movement
Became the leader of the Indian independence movement
His teachings merged thoughts from all of the world’s major religions
The Indians gave him the name Mahatma – “Great Soul”

7. Mohandas Gandhi Fought injustice through “Civil Disobedience”
Boycotts
Fasts
Strikes
Peaceful demonstrations
In 1935, England granted partial self-rule to India
Gandhi tried to get India to forget its religious differences, but conflict between Muslims and Hindus continued.

8. Mohandas Gandhi
Despite Gandhi’s efforts, India split into 2 nations in 1947:
India – Hindu
Pakistan – Muslim
In 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist.

10. Changes in China
Since 1644, China had been ruled by the Qing Dynasty. The nation was very closed to the rest of the world.
Many Chinese people began to believe that increasing technology, industry, and nationalism held the key for China’s future.
The leader of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) was led by Sun Yat-sen

11. Chinese Nationalism Description: sought reform after Boxer Rebellion
Western educational system replaced traditional civil service examination system
elections for a national assembly were held in 1910 at local levels
could not pass laws, only advise the ruler
conditions worsened and taxes rose

12. Sun Yat-sen Revive China Society founded in the 1890s
believed China had to be united under a strong government to resist foreign influence

13. Revolution
In 1895, Sun tried to launch a revolt, but it failed. Sun was forced into exile for 16 years.
in 1911 followers of Sun Yat-sen began an uprising and the Qing dynasty collapsed

14. Revolution
The Nationalists took power and Sun Yat Sen helped make Chiang Kai-shek President.
The Nationalists remained in power in China until the communist revolution led by Mao Zedong following World War II.

15. Turkish Nationalism Description:
Greece invaded western Turkey after WWI
Turkish leaders formed a new Republic of Turkey
under the command of Mustafa Kemal
able to drive the Greek troops out

16. Mustafa Kemal known as Atatürk became president of Turkey
had a democratic system of government

17. Turkish Nationalism Policies of Turkey: did not allow opposition
eliminated Arabic elements from the Turkish language
adopted the Roman alphabet
forced people to adopt last names
established factories and directed the economy
tried to modernize farming

18. Turkish Nationalism Creating a Secular Turkey: abolished the caliphate
forbade men to wear the traditional Turkish Muslim hat
forbade the Islamic custom of women wearing a veil
new laws gave women equal marriage and inheritance rights