1. Calvinism and Counter Reformation Mr. Simmons World History

2. Huldrych Zwingli Christian unity was lost forever with the Peace of Augsburg Christian unity was lost forever with the Peace of Augsburg Zwingli started new group in Switzerland. Zwingli started new group in Switzerland. -forbid relics and images forbidden -scripture reading, prayer, sermons Zwingli was killed in war between Protestants and Catholics in Switzerland. Zwingli was killed in war between Protestants and Catholics in Switzerland. John Calvin assumed leadership John Calvin assumed leadership

3. John Calvin Emphasis on power, grace, and glory of God. Emphasis on power, grace, and glory of God. Idea of predestination Idea of predestination -elect – those who were predetermined by God to be saved. by God to be saved. -reprobate – those who were doomed Idea led to new religion Idea led to new religion of Calvinism of Calvinism Reforms in city of Geneva Reforms in city of Geneva Replaced Lutheranism as most powerful protestant faith Replaced Lutheranism as most powerful protestant faith

4. Question What is predestination and how do you feel about this idea? What is predestination and how do you feel about this idea?

5. English Reformation Scandal/Politics brought about English Reformation. Scandal/Politics brought about English Reformation. Henry VIII and wife Catherine failed to produce male heir. Henry VIII and wife Catherine failed to produce male heir. Pope denied Henry annulment of marriage. Henry would receive annulment from English church courts. Pope denied Henry annulment of marriage. Henry would receive annulment from English church courts. Henry would marry Ann Boleyn (later Queen Elizabeth I) Henry would marry Ann Boleyn (later Queen Elizabeth I)

6. English Reformation (cont) 1534 Henry requested Parliament to break English Catholic Church away from Pope in Rome. 1534 Henry requested Parliament to break English Catholic Church away from Pope in Rome. Act of Supremacy (1534) stated that King was supreme ruler of the Church of England (The Anglican Church) Act of Supremacy (1534) stated that King was supreme ruler of the Church of England (The Anglican Church) Thomas More objected to the Act and Thomas More objected to the Act and was beheaded. Edward VI succeeded Henry and moved Edward VI succeeded Henry and moved the church in a more Protestant path. (clergy could marry, service direction, etc.)

7. English Reformation (cont) Henry’s daughter Mary would gain crown in 1553. Henry’s daughter Mary would gain crown in 1553. Return of England to Catholicism. Return of England to Catholicism. Brutal persecution of Protestants. (burned over 300 protestants at the stake who were charged with heresy) Brutal persecution of Protestants. (burned over 300 protestants at the stake who were charged with heresy) Earned name of “Bloody Mary” Earned name of “Bloody Mary” Opposite effect on the people – by the Opposite effect on the people – by the end of her reign England was more Protestant than ever.

8. Anabaptists Rejected role of state in church affairs. Rejected role of state in church affairs. Considered to be radicals by most Protestants and Catholics. Considered to be radicals by most Protestants and Catholics. Believed in the rebaptism of person after spiritual rebirth as adults. (separated them from both Protestants and Catholics who baptized infants) Believed in the rebaptism of person after spiritual rebirth as adults. (separated them from both Protestants and Catholics who baptized infants) Any member of community could be minister because all Christians are priest. Any member of community could be minister because all Christians are priest. Belief in complete separation of church and state (they would not hold office, bear arms, or kill) Belief in complete separation of church and state (they would not hold office, bear arms, or kill) Protestants and Catholics persecuted Anabaptist Protestants and Catholics persecuted Anabaptist Mennonites and Amish are examples of Anabaptist. Mennonites and Amish are examples of Anabaptist.

9. Question Is it right for the American Government to allow Amish and Mennonites to forgo military service since it is against there religion to fight? Is it right for the American Government to allow Amish and Mennonites to forgo military service since it is against there religion to fight?

10. Protestant view of Family Rejected idea of special holiness of celibacy Rejected idea of special holiness of celibacy Focus on mutual love between man and wife. Focus on mutual love between man and wife. However women’s role was defined as bearing children. However women’s role was defined as bearing children. Women after the reformation were still considered subordinates in society. Women after the reformation were still considered subordinates in society.

11. Question Did women gain any rights due to the reformation? Did women gain any rights due to the reformation?

12. The Catholic Reformation In mid 1500s the church future looked grim but it was revitalized because of three reasons: the Jesuits, reforms of papacy, and the Council of Trent. In mid 1500s the church future looked grim but it was revitalized because of three reasons: the Jesuits, reforms of papacy, and the Council of Trent.

13. Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola founded the society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. Ignatius of Loyola founded the society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. Recognized by the pope in 1540. Recognized by the pope in 1540. Took special vow of obedience to the pope. Took special vow of obedience to the pope. Goal was to restore Catholicism to Eastern Europe and Germany and spread it around the world. (achieved through education) Goal was to restore Catholicism to Eastern Europe and Germany and spread it around the world. (achieved through education)

14. Question? What would we call the Jesuits today? What would we call the Jesuits today?

15. Papal Reforms Pope Paul III saw need to reform papacy. Pope Paul III saw need to reform papacy. Appointed reform commission in 1537 to determine what was wrong within the papacy. Appointed reform commission in 1537 to determine what was wrong within the papacy. Commission findings were the papacy used corrupt policies in order to strengthen personal needs. Commission findings were the papacy used corrupt policies in order to strengthen personal needs. Pope Paul also convened the Council of Trent Pope Paul also convened the Council of Trent

16. Council of Trent Convened in 1545, council met off and on for 18 years. Convened in 1545, council met off and on for 18 years. Final decrees reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs. (both faith and works were needed for salvation) Final decrees reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to Protestant beliefs. (both faith and works were needed for salvation) -upheld seven sacraments -upheld Communion (Eucharist) -upheld view of clerical celibacy -belief in purgatory and indulgences was upheld (selling indulgences was forbidden)

17. Questions? What is Purgatory? What is Purgatory? In what state was the Catholic Church after the Council of Trent? In what state was the Catholic Church after the Council of Trent?