2. Sustainable development --- transport Road Transport

3. Problems we are facing: (1) Traffic congestion in Inner City In the inner city, such as Mongkok, Tsim Sha Tsui, Yau Ma Tei, etc… Causes: -Roads are comparatively narrow. -Big trucks stop to load and unload goods  Block the roads which are already narrow -Traffic lights cannot effectively control the flow of vehicles.

4. Effects: -Time-consuming -Concentration of air pollutants -Noise pollution -Worsen the living environment of the inner city  lower the living quality of residents

5. Therefore, we need a solution…. Intelligent Transportation System!

6. I ntelligent T ransportation S ystem (ITS) It refers to efforts to add information and communications technology to transport infrastructure and vehicles in an effort to manage factors that typically are at odds with each other, such as vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times, and fuel consumption. Source1 --- Definition of ITS from wikipedia 1(a) State the purpose of ITS, as reflected in Source 1 (2 marks) (b) What is the author attitude towards ITS ? (3 marks) (c) How can ITS improve the existing transportation problems ? Explain with reference to Source 1, and using your own knowledge (5 marks)

7. ITS in Hong Kong  developed and carried out by the Transport department  E.g. (1) Automatic toll collection system (2) red light cameras and speed enforcement cameras ITS-HK An organization on ITS study and reaesarch in Hong Kong

8. Traffic light (with sensing system) Sensing area

9. Sustainable development?? -Reduce the amount of retained air pollutants -Increase accessibility of the area -improve living standard of the residents in inner city - technology already existed (even in China)  cost on developing the technology is saved

10. (2) Traffic congestion in CBD In Central Distric during rush hour (usually 5:00-7:00 a.m. & 5:00-7:00 p.m., when people commute) Traffic congestion in Gloucester Road (common scene in rush hour) Major cause  lots of people travel to their workplace by private cars  Amount of vehicles exceed the capacity of roads

11. Applying ITS Congestion pricing Congestion pricing gantry CBD 8:00 a.m.11:00 a.m. Congestion price charged using autopay system (Shut down)

12. Sustainable development ??  Discourage unnecessary entry of vehicles to CBD during rush hour -- Relieve the congestion problem -- Reduce the urgency of building new roads  Encourage people to go to work place using Public transport (e.g. MTR) --- Reduce air pollution in CBD  Fees collected can be used on city improvement project  successful examples from other countries A congestion pricing gantry in Singapore This system is successful in solving congestion problem in cities of Singapore

13. (3) Traffic congestion after traffic accident -There are accidents happening on the highways Standard procedure (1) Accident happened (2) Drivers witness the accident (3) Drivers stop their cars at the road shoulder (4) Dial 999 (5) The 999 center contact the related departments such as the police, the fire department etc. (6)Arrive at the accident scene Need a lot of time  lead to a longer disruption Road shoulder (reserved area of the highway for emergency event)

14. Applying ITS Introduce Emergency vehicle notification systems (EVNS) Present situation in Hong Kong  In Tsing Ma Control Area, CCTV cameras is used to monitor the road  Centre receive the image to see if accidents had happened  Problem of blind point of the cameras If EVNS is applied  Every vehicles will be equipped with a mobile phone

15. Within seconds, the centre know the accurate location of the accident Update the digital traffic sign Contact related department Arrive to the scene quickly

16. Sustainable development ??  Do not need to build large infrastructure (just to equip mobile phones on vehicles & build small antenna)  Not very costly  Less impact on natural environment  Raise the efficiency of rescue effort (increase the chance of survival of accident’s victims)  Minimize the traffic congestion caused by road accidents

17. (4) Traffic congestion in Cross Harbor Tunnel (CHT) -Too crowded in the CHT, especially at rush hours. -Western and Eastern Harbor Crossing not fully used. Causes: -- Locational advantages of CHT CHT: Hung Hom  Causeway Bay EHC: Chao Kwo Ling  Quarry Bay WHC: West Kowloon  Sai Ying Pun -- Price difference For private car CHT: $20 EHC: $25 WHC: $45 Namemaximum usage (per day) Actual usage (per day) CHT80,000122,900 EHC100,00064,005 WHC180,00046,984

18. Possible solution:  The three tunnels are built by using BOT method Built by private enterprise Operate by private enterprise for 30 years Transfer to government after 30 years  CHT: already returned EHC: to be returned in 2016 WHC: to be returned in 2023 Government: Give pressure to EHC and WHC company  adjust their price

19. Sustainable development? --balance the usage of the 3 tunnels  relieve traffic congestion problem in CHT --Relieve the urgency of building a new cross harbor tunnel  prevent further damage to the harbour --- lower transportation burden of people using EHC and WHC

20. Group List Henry Chan (1) No: TMN0147NZ Role: Crew resource management Joe Ho (2) No: TMN0532QF Role: Aircraft development, strategic financing Tamama Leung (4) No: TMN0007AA Role: spying / seducing activities, Art and craft Kururu Tam (6) No: TMN1755UA Role: Bodyguard of TC The End