1. The Republic at the Turn of the 19 th Century

2. Early Conflicts and Problems The separation between Hamilton and Jefferson divided the early Republic Hamilton's vision of a manufacturing power was popular in the northeast, while Jefferson's agrarian ideal found better traction in the southern states Washington's role?

3. Foreign Dilemmas America still depended on the European economy Side closer with England or France? More war in Europe

4. French Revolution and Citizen Genet Americans initially supported the French Revolution (1789) Treaty of Alliance The Terror, 1793 and European warfare Jeffersonians & Federalists. Different sides. Neutrality? The US recognized the new French government Citizen Genet, French Ambassador

5. Jay's Treaty British began seizing American ships and impressing American sailors John Jay (First Chief Justice of the Sup. Court) sent to England to settle disputes in 1794 Major issues:  British forts in the Great Lakes  Impressment  Compensation for shippers and slave owners  Open the West Indies for trade Jay's Treaty  British evacuated forts  Some compensation to shippers  England gained “most favored nation” status for trade  American ships could be searched if entering enemies ports  America repays Revolutionary War debts

6. Westward Expansion Pinckney's Treaty with Spain Hamilton's land policy- large tracts of land. Jefferson preferred small land surveys for settlers By 1804 the price of land in the northwest had fallen and small settlers could afford to move Daniel Boone and the Cumberland Gap

7. Washington's Farewell, 1796 Reading Assignment http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/farewell/sd106-21.pdf Or just google it

8. The Election of 1796 Heated election despite Washington's plea Federalists chose John Adams Republicans countered with Jefferson Political maneuvering backfires on both sides John Adams wins with 71 EV and Jefferson wins the VP with 68 EV

9. The Adams’ Presidency Pressures on Adams? French problems Adams’ politics Overall, and deservedly or not, Adams’ presidency increased the division between the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans.

10. Conflict with France French were outraged that the US signed Jay’s Treaty and remained neutral in their war with England The US also refused to repay their Revolutionary War debt with France French ships began seizing and sinking US ships. Broke off diplomatic relations. XYZ Affair & the Quasi-War Three French agents (known as X, Y, & Z) demanded considerations and bribes in order to resume diplomatic relations “Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute” Led to an undeclared naval war between France and the US that lasted until 1801.

11. Byproducts of the Quasi-War The US strengthened its weak navy Many Jeffersonians backed away from their support of France Domestic issues led to further factionalism in the States, however Dirty politics

12. Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Proposed by the Federalist controlled Congress and signed by Adams Naturalization Act – upped the requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years Alien Act – The president can deport aliens deemed dangerous Alien Enemies Act – President can expel or imprison enemy aliens at will during times of war Sedition Act – Crime to interfere with the federal government. Also, illegal to write or speak falsely or maliciously against the government Extraordinarily controversial. Began to hear calls for revolution and secession. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Jefferson and James Madison pushed their respective State Legislatures to pursue States’ Rights legislation The KY and VA Resolutions declared that states can “nullify” federal legislation if it was deemed unconstitutional Remember this ^^^^^^

13. The Election of 1800 Federalists ran with Adams and Charles C. Pinckney (SC) Republicans picked Jefferson and Aaron Burr (NY) Political maneuvering led to a tie in electoral votes. A tie between Jefferson and Burr though. What happens in case of a tie in a presidential election? Federalists tried to give the election to Burr, but Alexander Hamilton, who detested Burr, was able to manufacture enough votes for Jefferson (after 35 separate ballots) to win the presidency Relinquishing power to the opposing party Before leaving office though, Adams “stacks” the judiciary with Federalists. Judiciary Act of 1801 increased the number of federal courts and judges. All Federalist appointed, including the new Chief Justice John Marshall.

14. Aaron Burr