1. Adam’s New Government is Challenged

2. Staying neutral is easier said than done… Because the USA didn’t fight with the British, Britain began seizing American ships trading in the French West Indies Because the USA didn’t fight with the British, Britain began seizing American ships trading in the French West Indies Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty Did not want to risk another war with Britain Did not want to risk another war with Britain Stopped Britain from attacking American ships Stopped Britain from attacking American ships Britain gave up forts in Ohio River Valley Britain gave up forts in Ohio River Valley

3. And then to solve problems with Spain… Pinckney’s Treaty (AKA Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States) tells you what is means, right? Pinckney’s Treaty (AKA Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States) tells you what is means, right? Allowed America use of Mississippi R. Allowed America use of Mississippi R. Store goods at New Orleans w/out paying taxes Store goods at New Orleans w/out paying taxes Southern border of US & Florida agreed Southern border of US & Florida agreed

4. Despite Washington’s warning Political Parties emerged… They developed because of the difference in thought about how the government should run and the government’s economy. Jefferson and his followers believed in a strict interpretation of Constitution and strong state government Jefferson and his followers believed in a strict interpretation of Constitution and strong state government Hamilton and his followers believed in a loose interpretation of Constitution and strong federal government. Hamilton and his followers believed in a loose interpretation of Constitution and strong federal government.

5. The First Political Parties Democratic-RepublicansFederalists Limited national gov’t (strong states) Strong national gov’t Fear of rule by one person wanted a few trusted, common men Fear of mob rule (trusted the wealthy) Strict interpretation of the Constitution Loose interpretation of Constitution Opposed national bank Favored national bank Economy based on farming Economy based on shipping and manufacturing Supported by: farmers and tradespeople Supported by: lawyers, merchants, Manufacturers, and clergy

6. When Washington ran for Prez. The ballot looked like this…

7. When Adams ran for Prez. The ballot looked like this…

8. John Adams becomes president. He was a Federalist. Thomas Jefferson, the runner-up, becomes vice president. He was a Democratic-Republican

9. When Washington left office, relations between France and the U.S. had grown tense. Britain and France were still at war. Britain and France were still at war. The French began to seize U.S. merchant vessels in order to prevent them from trading with the British. The French began to seize U.S. merchant vessels in order to prevent them from trading with the British. Within a years time, the French had seized and looted more than 300 U.S. ships. Within a years time, the French had seized and looted more than 300 U.S. ships.

10. XYZ Affair French representatives (called X, Y, and Z) said for a bribe of $10 million to France and $250,000 to the French minister they would be stop attacking US ships French representatives (called X, Y, and Z) said for a bribe of $10 million to France and $250,000 to the French minister they would be stop attacking US ships American papers heard about it and were outraged American papers heard about it and were outraged Congress set aside money to increase size of navy and army for better protection and scare power. Congress set aside money to increase size of navy and army for better protection and scare power. Adams hoping to avoid a war sent three advisors (Charles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John Marshall) to France to try and gain better relations with them.

11. What did this do for the US? Adams went back to France and they apologized and worked out the problems. Adams went back to France and they apologized and worked out the problems. Showed the US was willing to go to war and couldn’t be bribed. Showed the US was willing to go to war and couldn’t be bribed. In turn the US won the respect of nations around the world In turn the US won the respect of nations around the world

12. Alien and Sedition Acts Because of the conflict with France, Adams and the Federalists became popular. Because of the conflict with France, Adams and the Federalists became popular. Democratic-Republicans sided with France. Democratic-Republicans sided with France. Adams blamed the D-R for the influx of immigrants who were joining the D-R. Adams blamed the D-R for the influx of immigrants who were joining the D-R. To silence them he passed the Alien and Sedition Acts To silence them he passed the Alien and Sedition Acts

13. Alien and Sedition Acts Targeted immigrants who were not yet citizens. It increased the waiting period to become a citizen from 5 to 14 year. It increased the waiting period to become a citizen from 5 to 14 year. During war Pres. could expel (kick out) anyone who was an alien, or not a citizen. During war Pres. could expel (kick out) anyone who was an alien, or not a citizen. Outlawed sedition, saying and write anything that criticized the govt. Outlawed sedition, saying and write anything that criticized the govt. What amendment makes this unconstitutional?

14. Issue of Constitutionality Alien and Sedition laws were considered unconstitutional because they violated the first amendment. The Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison augured against these Acts by utilizing the theory of States Rights (states had certain rights the federal government could not violate) Alien and Sedition laws were considered unconstitutional because they violated the first amendment. The Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson and Madison augured against these Acts by utilizing the theory of States Rights (states had certain rights the federal government could not violate) Eventually the Acts were done away with.

15. Jefferson and Madison wrote resolutions supporting states rights, which were passed by Virginia and Kentucky in 1798 and 1799. The resolutions declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. The resolutions declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. The resolutions proposed nullification, which is the idea that states could nullify the federal law within their states. The resolutions proposed nullification, which is the idea that states could nullify the federal law within their states. They also proposed that the states could place themselves between the federal government and the citizens if they needed protection. They also proposed that the states could place themselves between the federal government and the citizens if they needed protection. The resolutions became known as the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. The resolutions became known as the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

16. Eventually Adams and France agreed to a peaceful solution. Peace with France caused Adams to lose popularity among the Federalists. Eventually Adams and France agreed to a peaceful solution. Peace with France caused Adams to lose popularity among the Federalists. Yet Adams remained proud of his steps to establish peace with the French Yet Adams remained proud of his steps to establish peace with the French “I desire no other inscription on my gravestone than: ‘Here lies John Adams, who took it upon himself the responsibility of the peace with France in the year 1800.’” “I desire no other inscription on my gravestone than: ‘Here lies John Adams, who took it upon himself the responsibility of the peace with France in the year 1800.’”

17. Set precedents Challenged with four issues Passed tariffs and taxes Moved capitol The Whisky Rebellion Signed two treaties Farewell Address Political parties formed Vice President from a different political party XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts

18. Turmoil of New Nation Washington braved challenges as president of a new, struggling nation. Washington braved challenges as president of a new, struggling nation. Set precedents which directed the nation. Set precedents which directed the nation. Warned the US to stay away from political parties and foreign alliances. Warned the US to stay away from political parties and foreign alliances. The United States navigated their relationships with other nations. The United States navigated their relationships with other nations. During Adam’s presidency, the USA continued to struggle. During Adam’s presidency, the USA continued to struggle. Political parties formed and solidified Political parties formed and solidified The United States became involved with more close calls with foreign nations. The United States became involved with more close calls with foreign nations. Alien and Sedition Acts challenged the Bill of Rights. Alien and Sedition Acts challenged the Bill of Rights. What would the future hold? What would the future hold?