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Major Geological Events
Caused by Plate Tectonics
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Sea-floor spreading process by which new sea floor forms Convection Currents denser rock sinks down and less dense rock is pushed up Plate Tectonics theory that states Earth’s outer layer is broken into large, slowly moving pieces
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Types of Boundaries Divergent Plates move apart Convergent
Plates come together Transform Plates slide horizontally past each other
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Divergent Structures New crust is formed as plates pull apart.
Land features include: Mid-Ocean Ridges Ex. - Mid-Atlantic Ridge Rift Valleys Ex. - African Rift Valley Earthquakes
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Mid–Ocean Ridge (Location of Sea Floor Spreading)
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Sea Floor Spreading (Mid-Ocean Ridge)
Younger Older Older Divergent Structure
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Rift Valley Divergent Structure
Divergent Structure
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Convergent Boundaries
Crust is destroyed and recycled back into the mantle Three types of convergent collisions Features include: Trenches – Mariana Trench Volcanic Arc (Volcanic Mountains) – Andes mountains Mountain Ranges – Himalayan Mountains Earthquakes
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Subduction Result of convergent boundary
A more dense plate slides under a less dense plate and sinks into the mantle. Features include: Oceanic-Oceanic = Trenches Oceanic-Continental = Mountain Ranges
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Subduction Examples
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Oceanic-Oceanic convergence
Convergent Boundary Oceanic-Oceanic Land Features – Trench and Island Arc Oceanic-Oceanic convergence
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Oceanic-Continental convergence
Convergent Boundary Oceanic-Continental Land Features – Trench and Volcanic Arc (Volcanic Mountains) Oceanic-Continental convergence
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Continental-Continental convergence
Convergent Boundary Continental-Continental Land Features – Folded Mountains Continental-Continental convergence
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Mountain Ranges
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Transform Fault Structures
Crust is neither destroyed nor created Can occur between two oceanic plates or oceanic-continental plates Features include: Earthquakes Fault line – San Andreas Fault
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Transform Boundary Oceanic-Oceanic Land Feature – Fault Line
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Transform Boundary San Andreas Fault Line
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Transform Boundary Continental-Continental Land Features – Fault Line
Aerial view of San Andreas Fault in the Carrizo Plain, self-made, Nov 16, 2007, I. Kluft,
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Earthquakes – All Boundaries
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Volcanoes
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Putting It All Together
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Plate Boundaries
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Plate Movement
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