1. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

2. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA North American Plate Movement

3. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA Pacific Plate Movement And Mendicino Fault (San Andreas extension)

4. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT GORDA RIDGE

5. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE

6. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SMALL “MID-OCEAN” RIDGES DIVERGENT EXPLORER RIDGE

7. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

8. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

9. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA SEAFLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULT

10. HOW DO ALL THESE BOUNDARIES WORK TOGETHER? PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA

11. Can You See it on Google Earth? 1.Divergent boundaries 2.Convergent boundary 3.Transform faults 4.Juan de Fuca Plate and direction 5.Pacific Plate and direction 6.North American Plate and direction 7.Zones of Active Volcanicity

12. And a Hotspot! Coastal Uplift Puget-Willamette Lowlands Active Volacanos Currently Active Oldest Lavas North America Plate J.D.F Pacific Plate Pacific Plate

13. PACIFIC NORTHWEST CASCADE MOUNTAI N CASCADE MOUNTAINS PUGET- WILLAMETTE LOWLANDS OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS COAST RANGE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PACIFIC OCEAN

14. NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PLATES LOCK IN PLACE

15. BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE CONVERGENCE CAUSES UPWARD BUCKLING OF COASTAL AREAS Energy stored as in a bent cane.

16. DURING ERTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE PLATES UNLOCK Energy in earthquake and tsunami Coastline subsides

17. BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES NORTH AMERICAN PLATE JUAN DE FUCA PLATE Plates lock back together After release of energy by earthquake Coastline slowly Re-emerges.

18. Source: Rhodes, Tuttle, Horton, Doner, Kelsey, Nelson and Cisternas, EOS, 87, May 2006. Tsunami Deposits, Southern Chile. Dark bands are organic soils, lighter greys are marine sands deposited by tsunamis.

19. TSUNAMI MARCH 2011

20. Displacement during Earthquake March 2011. Source: Simons et al., 2011 Science Express

21. PUEGET SOUND 3,500BP Tidal Marsh

22. PUEGET SOUND 3,300BP Earthquake

23. PUEGET SOUND 3,200 BP Emergence

24. PUEGET SOUND 3,000 BP Forested Upland

25. PUEGET SOUND 3,000 BP Earthquake Submersion

26. PUEGET SOUND 2,700 BP Earthquake Submergence

27. PUEGET SOUND 400 Emergence Forest

28. PUEGET SOUND 400 Earthquake Submersion

29. PUEGET SOUND 700 Emergence

30. PUEGET SOUND 700 Earthquake Submersion

31. PUEGET SOUND 900 Emergence

32. PUEGET SOUND 900 Earthquake

33. PUEGET SOUND 1700 Emergence Forested Uplands

34. PUEGET SOUND 1700 Earthquake Submersion

35. Simulation of 1700 Earthquake and Tsunami

36. PUEGET SOUND 2000 Emergence

37. PUEGET SOUND AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs

38. PUEGET SOUND AVERAGE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN EARTHQUAKES 300 yrs 1700 ?

39. SUBSTUTUTE DEPTH FOR TIME TIME DEPTH 1700 900700 900 700 3300BP3000BP 3300BP 3000BP Present Geologists’ Principle of Superposition