1. HOW DO THE SUN & MOON AFFECT EARTH? Eclipses Day & Night Moon Phases Changing of the seasons

2. WHAT IS AN ECLIPSE? When 1 object in space comes between the Sun & a 3rd object, and cast a shadow on that object

3. HOW DOES IT HAPPEN? When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or Earth’s shadow hits the moon

4. TWO TYPES OF SHADOWS: Penumbra Umbra

5. PENUMBRA Large shadow

6. UMBRA Small shadow

7. TWO TYPES OF ECLIPSES: Solar Lunar

8. SOLAR ECLIPSE Moon passes between the Sun & Earth A new moon

10. PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE Moon’s penumbra casts a larger shadow Part of the Sun is visible

11. TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE Moon’s umbra blocks all sunlight from reaching Earth Sky is dark

12. LUNAR ECLIPSE Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon & the Sun

14. PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE The moon, sun, & Earth are not quite in line The moon passes through part of the umbra

15. TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE The moon is in the Earth’s umbra This can be seen anywhere on Earth

16. WHAT CAUSES DAY & NIGHT? The spinning of Earth on its axis Each rotation takes 24 hours

17. WHY DOES THE MOON CHANGE SHAPE EACH MONTH? The moon goes through a set of “phases” each time the moon revolves around Earth or about a month

18. MOON’S REVOLUTION The moon revolves/orbits around Earth 1 revolution=27.3 days

19. MOON’S ROTATION The moon rotates on its own axis just like Earth 1 rotation=27.3 days

20. MOON’S PHASES A “day” and a “year” are the same length on the moon

21. WHAT CAUSES THESE PHASES? Changes in the positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon The moon’s phases depends on how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth

22. DOES THE MOON PRODUCE ITS OWN LIGHT? No! It reflects light from the Sun

23. EXPLORING THE MOON’S PHASES

24. WANING VS. WAXING Waning is the fading of sunlight Waxing is the adding of sunlight

25. NEW MOON

26. CRESCENT

27. GIBBOUS

28. FULL MOON

29. HOW DOES THE SUN AFFECT OUR SEASONS? Earth has an elliptical orbit The Sun is not centered in the ellipse The distance between the Sun & Earth changes during the year, but this does not affect our seasons Fact: When Earth is closest to the sun the northern hemisphere is experiencing winter

31. FALL, WINTER, SPRING…OH MY! Earth has different seasons because its axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees Earth revolves around the Sun 1 revolution/orbit=1 year

32. SOLSTICE The noon sun is directly overhead at 23.5° Winter Summer

33. WINTER SOLSTICE Begins December 21st Shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere

34. SUMMER SOLSTICE Begins June 21st Longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere

35. EQUINOX The noon sun is directly over the equator Vernal Autumnal

36. VERNAL EQUINOX Begins March 21st Marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere

37. AUTUMNAL EQUINOX Begins September 23rd Marks the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere

38. WHAT IS ASTRONOMY? Study of the moon, stars, & other objects in space