1. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Water for Peace and Resilience: IWRM in the CAR TFPA Network “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.” (Thomas Fuller, 1732) Elaine C. Hsiao Pace Law School - Center for Environmental Legal Studies Makerere University – Faculty of Law

2. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Central Albertine Rift TFPA Network Three Nations: DRC, Rwanda and Uganda Eight National Parks: Virunga NP (DRC), Volcanoes NP (Rwanda), Semuliki NP, Kibale NP, Rwenzori Mountains NP, Queen Elizabeth NP, Bwindi Impenetrable NP, and Mgahinga Gorilla NP (Uganda) One Ecoregional Collaboration Three Nations: DRC, Rwanda and Uganda Eight National Parks: Virunga NP (DRC), Volcanoes NP (Rwanda), Semuliki NP, Kibale NP, Rwenzori Mountains NP, Queen Elizabeth NP, Bwindi Impenetrable NP, and Mgahinga Gorilla NP (Uganda) One Ecoregional Collaboration

3. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda History of TB Collaboration - 1979: Mountain Gorilla Project - 1989: 1st Afromontane Forest Conference - 1991: Int'l Gorilla Conservation Programme established - 2004: CAR TFPA MOU - 2005: Goma Declaration - 2006: 10-Year Transboundary Strategic Plan - 2008: Transboundary Core Secretariat established to begin implementation of 10- Year Plan - 2008: Rubavu Ministerial Declaration - 2010: Draft negotiations of multilateral treaty - 1979: Mountain Gorilla Project - 1989: 1st Afromontane Forest Conference - 1991: Int'l Gorilla Conservation Programme established - 2004: CAR TFPA MOU - 2005: Goma Declaration - 2006: 10-Year Transboundary Strategic Plan - 2008: Transboundary Core Secretariat established to begin implementation of 10- Year Plan - 2008: Rubavu Ministerial Declaration - 2010: Draft negotiations of multilateral treaty

4. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Institutional Framework 10-Year Transboundary Strategic Plan: - TB Inter-Ministerial Board: ministry representatives - TB Core Secretariat - Technical Committees: research, tourism, community conservation and enterprise, & security and law enforcement - Regional Forum: TB stakeholder exchange Transfrontier Core Secretariat: - Made up of Executive Directors of 3 PAAs, Technical Associates and IGCP - Meets 1-2 times a year - Decisions are consensus-based 10-Year Transboundary Strategic Plan: - TB Inter-Ministerial Board: ministry representatives - TB Core Secretariat - Technical Committees: research, tourism, community conservation and enterprise, & security and law enforcement - Regional Forum: TB stakeholder exchange Transfrontier Core Secretariat: - Made up of Executive Directors of 3 PAAs, Technical Associates and IGCP - Meets 1-2 times a year - Decisions are consensus-based

5. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Institutional Linkages

6. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Realities On-The-Ground Disturbances Due to Insecurity: - irregularity of transboundary activities - lack of resources - other priorities North-South Divide: - donor dependent = donor driven - focus on Virunga Massif - lack of regional coordination Jurisdictional Limitations: - international law vs. international conservation - administrative division (silos) - NGO territories Disturbances Due to Insecurity: - irregularity of transboundary activities - lack of resources - other priorities North-South Divide: - donor dependent = donor driven - focus on Virunga Massif - lack of regional coordination Jurisdictional Limitations: - international law vs. international conservation - administrative division (silos) - NGO territories

7. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Water Challenges Lack of access to safe water in a water abundant region Provision of water unlinked to watershed protection Soil erosion along “living” border Energy: Oil/gas in Albertine Graben (L. Albert, L. Edward), Hydropower across CAR Mining and rock quarrying Water resources management fragmented across ministries and authorities TB Water Agreements focused on water allocations, not conservation of headwaters (e.g., Nile & Congo) Lack of access to safe water in a water abundant region Provision of water unlinked to watershed protection Soil erosion along “living” border Energy: Oil/gas in Albertine Graben (L. Albert, L. Edward), Hydropower across CAR Mining and rock quarrying Water resources management fragmented across ministries and authorities TB Water Agreements focused on water allocations, not conservation of headwaters (e.g., Nile & Congo)

8. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Impacts of Climate Change Observable Changes: - Glacier melt - Season variation - Malaria/Disease zones Vulnerabilities: - Mountain zonation - Population density - Regional insecurity Observable Changes: - Glacier melt - Season variation - Malaria/Disease zones Vulnerabilities: - Mountain zonation - Population density - Regional insecurity

9. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Africa's Water Towers

10. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Integrated Water Resources Management

11. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Cooperation → Collaborative Conservation Ecological Peace: harmony with Nature - e.g., human-wildlife or human-PA conflict Social Peace: between social groups - e.g., indigenous peoples and nation- states International Peace: between Nations - e.g., water wars on the Nile River Ecological Peace: harmony with Nature - e.g., human-wildlife or human-PA conflict Social Peace: between social groups - e.g., indigenous peoples and nation- states International Peace: between Nations - e.g., water wars on the Nile River

12. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Constitution of Uganda (1995) Objectives and Directive Principles II: Democratic Principles III:National Unity and Stability IX-XII: Development XIII:Protection of Natural Resources XIV: General Social & Economic Objectives XXI: Clean and Safe Water XXIII:Natural Disasters XXVII:The Environment XXVIII:Foreign Policy Objectives Objectives and Directive Principles II: Democratic Principles III:National Unity and Stability IX-XII: Development XIII:Protection of Natural Resources XIV: General Social & Economic Objectives XXI: Clean and Safe Water XXIII:Natural Disasters XXVII:The Environment XXVIII:Foreign Policy Objectives

13. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Constitution of Uganda (1995) Environmental Rights and Regulation Art. 39 Right to a clean and healthy environment Art. 189 Responsibilities of Government Art. 242 Land use regulation Art. 245 Protection and preservation of the environment Environmental Rights and Regulation Art. 39 Right to a clean and healthy environment Art. 189 Responsibilities of Government Art. 242 Land use regulation Art. 245 Protection and preservation of the environment

14. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Constitution of Uganda (1995) Art. 17 Duties of a citizen (1)(j)to create and protect a clean and healthy environment Art. 38 Civic rights and activities (1) Every Uganda citizen has the right to participate in the affairs of government (2) Every Ugandan has a right to participate in peaceful activities to influence the policies of government through civic organisations Art. 41 Right of access to information Art. 17 Duties of a citizen (1)(j)to create and protect a clean and healthy environment Art. 38 Civic rights and activities (1) Every Uganda citizen has the right to participate in the affairs of government (2) Every Ugandan has a right to participate in peaceful activities to influence the policies of government through civic organisations Art. 41 Right of access to information

15. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Objectives of Water Management The Water Act Chapter 152 (1997) Art. 4 Objectives: (a)to promote the rational management and use of the waters of Uganda through - (i) the progressive introduction and application of appropriate standards and techniques for the...protection, management and administration of water resources (ii) the coordination of all public and private activities which may influence the quality, quantity, distribution, use or management of water resources; (iii) the coordination, allocation and delegation of responsibilities among Ministers and public authorities (b)to promote the provision of a clean, safe and sufficient supply of water (c) to allow for the orderly development and use of water resources for purposes other than domestic use, such as...preservation of flora and fauna The Water Act Chapter 152 (1997) Art. 4 Objectives: (a)to promote the rational management and use of the waters of Uganda through - (i) the progressive introduction and application of appropriate standards and techniques for the...protection, management and administration of water resources (ii) the coordination of all public and private activities which may influence the quality, quantity, distribution, use or management of water resources; (iii) the coordination, allocation and delegation of responsibilities among Ministers and public authorities (b)to promote the provision of a clean, safe and sufficient supply of water (c) to allow for the orderly development and use of water resources for purposes other than domestic use, such as...preservation of flora and fauna

16. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Water Management in Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment (WA Art. 5, Wetland Regs 8-9) - Directorate of Water Development - Directorate of Water Resources - Water Policy Committee (WA Art. 8(1)(iii), 9-10, Water Resources Regs art. 12) National Environmental Management Authority (NEA art. 5, Wetlands Regs art. 6) Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA art. 5, 18-19) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries, Fisheries Department (FA art. 2) Local Government - District/Local Environment Committee (NEA Art. 14-16, Wetland Regs. Art. 7, 26) - District Water and Sanitation Coordination Committees - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation All Peoples of Uganda (Cn. Art. 17(1)(j), NEA Art.3(2)) - Water User Groups and Associations (WA art. 50-52) - Landowners of Wetlands, River banks and Lakeshores (Wetland Regs art. 17, 28) Ministry of Water and Environment (WA Art. 5, Wetland Regs 8-9) - Directorate of Water Development - Directorate of Water Resources - Water Policy Committee (WA Art. 8(1)(iii), 9-10, Water Resources Regs art. 12) National Environmental Management Authority (NEA art. 5, Wetlands Regs art. 6) Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA art. 5, 18-19) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries, Fisheries Department (FA art. 2) Local Government - District/Local Environment Committee (NEA Art. 14-16, Wetland Regs. Art. 7, 26) - District Water and Sanitation Coordination Committees - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation All Peoples of Uganda (Cn. Art. 17(1)(j), NEA Art.3(2)) - Water User Groups and Associations (WA art. 50-52) - Landowners of Wetlands, River banks and Lakeshores (Wetland Regs art. 17, 28)

17. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Integrating IWRM into the CAR The Water (Water Resources) Regulations Art. 12: The [Water Policy] committee shall... (a) coordinate the formulation of national policies relating to international water resources; (b) liaise with international and regional water resources organisations; (c) coordinate the preparation of and keep under review plans and projects which may in any way affect international water resources The Water Act Art. 8(1)(c)(iii): The Minister may, in relation to any water resources...on the advice of the Water Policy Committee, declare any part of Uganda to be a controlled area and establish a comprehensive and integrated plan for managing land, water and other natural resources within that area The Water (Water Resources) Regulations Art. 12: The [Water Policy] committee shall... (a) coordinate the formulation of national policies relating to international water resources; (b) liaise with international and regional water resources organisations; (c) coordinate the preparation of and keep under review plans and projects which may in any way affect international water resources The Water Act Art. 8(1)(c)(iii): The Minister may, in relation to any water resources...on the advice of the Water Policy Committee, declare any part of Uganda to be a controlled area and establish a comprehensive and integrated plan for managing land, water and other natural resources within that area

18. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda IWRM in the CAR TFPA Treaty Trilateral MOU: Art.3 Transfrontier Objectives (1) The objectives of transboundary collaboration in the Central Albertine Rift are: (a) Cooperative conservation of biodiversity and other natural and cultural values across boundaries; (d)(i) Building trust, understanding and cooperation among wildlife authorities, nongovernmental organisations, communities, users and other stakeholders to achieve sustainable conservation and thereby contribute to peace Trilateral MOU: Art.3 Transfrontier Objectives (1) The objectives of transboundary collaboration in the Central Albertine Rift are: (a) Cooperative conservation of biodiversity and other natural and cultural values across boundaries; (d)(i) Building trust, understanding and cooperation among wildlife authorities, nongovernmental organisations, communities, users and other stakeholders to achieve sustainable conservation and thereby contribute to peace

19. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Link water access/supply to active conservation(PES) Capacity-building through participatory research Create regional research/data clearing-house (share info!) Create TB network of multistakeholder village-based water committees across watershed (à la ICCAs) Build on existing institutions (e.g., water user groups, water source committees) Scale-up across the CAR (role of GVTC?) Incorporate Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CBNRM=CBDRR) Link the Nile Basin and Congo Basin Initiatives through conservation of their headwaters Link water access/supply to active conservation(PES) Capacity-building through participatory research Create regional research/data clearing-house (share info!) Create TB network of multistakeholder village-based water committees across watershed (à la ICCAs) Build on existing institutions (e.g., water user groups, water source committees) Scale-up across the CAR (role of GVTC?) Incorporate Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (CBNRM=CBDRR) Link the Nile Basin and Congo Basin Initiatives through conservation of their headwaters IWRM for Peace and Resilience

20. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda Thank You!

21. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

22. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

23. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda

24. IUCN AEL Colloquium 07 July 2011 Elaine C. Hsiao Fulbright Student - Uganda