1. The Work of Gregor Mendel 11-1

2. Transmission of characteristics from _______________________is called ___________________. The _________ that studies _____ those characteristics are _________ from one generation to the next is called ___________________ heredity Genetics parents to offspring SCIENCE how passed on

3. The __________________ is _________________, a monk whose _________ of genetic traits was the beginning of our _________________ about _____________________. Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics study understanding how genes work

4. Mendel designed ____________ using __________ in the monastery garden _______ part of flower makes ___________ (sperm) __________ part of flower makes _______ cells Pea plants Pollen experiments MALE FEMALE egg

5. In pea plants, the pollen normally joins with an egg from the _______ plant (=_______________ ) so seeds have “_________________” Self pollinating same ONE parent

6. MENDEL’S PEA EXPERIMENTS Mendel started his experiments with peas that were _________________ = if allowed to _________________ they would produce ____________________ to themselves. true breeding self pollinate offspring identical

7. MENDEL’S PEA EXPERIMENTS Mendel ____________________ making parts and ____________ from _______ plant. This allowed him to _____________ plants with ______________ characteristics and ________ the results different removed pollen added pollen another cross-breed study

8. A _____________________ is called a ____________ Mendel ______________ in peas. specific characteristic trait studied 7 traits

9. MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS ____ generation (_________) ____ generation (______= offspring) ___ generation P1P1 F1F1 F2F2 parental filial

10. Go to Section: P Generation F 1 Generation F 2 Generation TallShortTall Short Section 11-1 Principles of Dominance

11. Go to Section: P Generation F 1 Generation F 2 Generation TallShortTall Short Section 11-1 Principles of Dominance

12. Go to Section: P Generation F 1 Generation F 2 Generation TallShortTall Short Section 11-1 Principles of Dominance

13. When Mendel ______________ PLANTS with 2 ______________ traits: (EX: Tall crossed with short) He always found same pattern: 1. ONLY ______ trait ____________ in the ____generation BUT... 2. ___________ trait ____________ in the ____ generation in a _________ ratio ONE showed F1F1 F2F2 3:1 crossed PURE contrasting Missing returned

14. PATTERNS ARE THE KEY

15. Mendel decided that there must be a __________________ that ________each trait and that __________ must be able to _______ the other. pair of FACTORS one factor control HIDE

16. We now know that Mendel’s ________________ carried on the pair of________________ _________________ factors are genes homologous chromosomes

17. ________ gene _______ for a trait are called ___________. ALLELES DIFFERENT CHOICES

18. __________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele __________________ = An allele that __________________ the presence of another allele DOMINANT RECESSIVE HIDES is hidden by

19. Why did the recessive trait disappear in the F 1 generation and reappear in the F 2 ? The pattern corresponds to the ____________ of ______________ during ____________________ MEIOSIS movement chromosomes

20. WHAT DOES MEIOSIS HAVE TO DO WITH IT?

21. REMEMBER _____________ chromosomes ________________ during ANAPHASE I = _________________ SEGREGATION HOMOLOGOUS SEPARATE

22. ____ offspring __________ an allele for tallness from their _______ parent and an allele for shortness from their ________ parent. The F 1 plants ALL ___________ but are ___________ an allele for _____________ TALL SHORT LOOK TALL F 1 received carrying shortness

23. alleles are separated when the F 1 plants ______________ When these gametes recombined to make the F 2 generation, the _____________ trait _______________ in ¼ of the offspring EXPLAINING the F 1 CROSS LAW OF ___________________ SEGREGATION recessive made gametes reappears