1. Clash of Cultures on the Prairie Causes/Effects of the Dawes Act of (1887)

2. 1850’s Great Wave of Immigration Irish Irish German German Italian Italian Chinese Chinese All coming for opportunity due to economic, social and political upheavals in their countries.

3. Compromise of 1850 (California becomes a “free state” Northerners must return slaves to south.) This leads to…. Compromise of 1850 (California becomes a “free state” Northerners must return slaves to south.) This leads to…. Transcontinental Railroad - Completed in the early 1860s to California. Transcontinental Railroad - Completed in the early 1860s to California. Increase in track laid from 30,000 to 180,000 miles between 1830s - 1890s Increase in track laid from 30,000 to 180,000 miles between 1830s - 1890s Telegraph creates instant communication Telegraph creates instant communication Forces moving Americans Westward

4. Forces Moving People West Opportunity The American Dream (Horatio Alger Rags to riches) Opportunity The American Dream (Horatio Alger Rags to riches) Gold Rush Gold Rush Railroad Need for work and ease of Crossing country Railroad Need for work and ease of Crossing country Increase of Immigration Increase of Immigration Homestead Act (1862) 160 acres free land to farm. Homestead Act (1862) 160 acres free land to farm. Gov. Support for Farming *Morill Act (1862) Education support Gov. Support for Farming *Morill Act (1862) Education support

5. The Railroad and the Cycle of Economic Development Railroad needs… Railroad needs… Workers… Workers… Workers become settlers Workers become settlers Settlers need land and resources Settlers need land and resources Food and Farming is needed Food and Farming is needed More rail is needed to support new settlers More rail is needed to support new settlers More rails Needed…. More rails Needed….

6. Cattle, Farming and the Rail Demand for cattle and wheat requires increase of track in all directions for distribution nation wide. Demand for cattle and wheat requires increase of track in all directions for distribution nation wide. Cities form at major rail stops, or rail is sent to form cities. Mining towns, Timber, Mills Cities form at major rail stops, or rail is sent to form cities. Mining towns, Timber, Mills

7. Clashes with Indians: Massacre at Sand Creek (1864) 150 – 500 dead Chivington attacks protected Indians on reservation Massacre at Sand Creek (1864) 150 – 500 dead Chivington attacks protected Indians on reservation Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) Custer’s “Last Stand” Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) Custer’s “Last Stand”

8. The Dawes Act (1887) Move from Reservation and paternalism Move from Reservation and paternalism To assimilation and private land ownership To assimilation and private land ownership Henry Dawes Senator Mass. Indian Affairs Henry Dawes Senator Mass. Indian Affairs President Grant Sees assimilation as last chance for Indian survival President Grant Sees assimilation as last chance for Indian survival

9. Effects of Dawes Act Loss of Culture Loss of Culture Loss Sacred Lands Loss Sacred Lands Loss of Dignity Loss of Dignity Sacrifice Religion Sacrifice Religion Bad Farming Bad Farming Denigration of Indian pride Denigration of Indian pride Battle of Wounded Knee.. Battle of Wounded Knee.. Burke Act (1906) See “End of Dawes PowerPoint for details on the causes effects of wounded Knee. Burke Act (1906) See “End of Dawes PowerPoint for details on the causes effects of wounded Knee. Indian Reorganization Act (1934) Indian Reorganization Act (1934)