1. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK J-PARC Upgrade Plan for Future and Beyond T2K J-PARC Upgrade Plan for Future and Beyond T2K T.Ishida Neutrino Experimental Facility Group J-PARC / KEK [CONTENTS] 1. Introduction 2. Status of Accelerator Operation* 3. J-PARC Upgrade Plan* 4. Summary 1 * By courtesy of T. Koseki (J-PARC)

2. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 1. Introduction 2

3. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK T2K: The 1 st experiment with J-PARC facility Discovery of   e oscillation ( e appearance) Precision measurement of  disappearance Open possibility to explore CPV in lepton sector 3

4. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK T2K e Appearance Result [data until Jun.2012] 11 candidate events are observed with 3.01x10 20 pot N exp =3.22±0.43(sin 2 2 13 =0) 10.71±1.10 ( =0.1) Probability=0.08%(3.2) 4 The 1 st e event after EQ (Mar.2012) Evidence of e appearance

5. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Next Step of T2K Systematic error reaches already as small as 10% owing to near detector. We can achieve 5 significance with ~8x10 20 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013. 5 Near Detector Observation (MeV)

6. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 6 J-PARC P32 (LAr TPC R&D), arXiv:0804.2111 J-PARC+HK @ Kamioka Fid. Mass 560kt, L=295km OA=2.5deg J-PARC+LAr @ Okinoshima 100kt, L=658km OA=0.78deg LoI: The Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment Submitted Sep.2011 [arXiv:1109.3262v1], Current: T2K J-PARC ~0.75MW + 50kt WC @ 295km 2.5° Future LBL plans using J-PARC

7. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK  → e probability Required Run-Time To discover CPV: 10 years x 750kW WC: 3yr x 750kW () + 7yr (bar) LiqAr: 10yr x 750kW () 7 Normal hierarchy Neutrino Anti-neutrino 295km 658km First max. 1.2-1.4GeV Second max. 0.4GeV

8. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Expected e CC candidates (HK LOI) To go to CPV discovery, intensity upgrade of J-PARC is the key sin 2 2θ 13 =0.1 stat. error only ν e candidates diff. from δ=0 case δ=0 δ=1/2π δ=π δ=3/2π δ=0 δ=1/2π δ=π δ=3/2π δ=1/2π δ=π δ=3/2π δ=1/2π δ=π δ=3/2π 0.75MW×3yrs0.75MW×7yrs ~4,000 signal ~2,000 signal

9. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 2. Status of Accelerator Operation 9

10. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Hadron Experimental Hall Main Ring A round = 1,568m Materials and Life Science Facility （ MLF) 3GeV RCS A round=348m LINAC(330m) Neutrino Beam 3NBT 3-50BT Transmutation Experimental Facility Near Neutrino Detectors FY01~08 Construction Nov. 2006~ LINAC Oct. 2007~ RCS May 2008~ MLF/MR Dec. 2008~ MR@30GeV Jan. 2009 Hadron Apr. 2009 Neutrino Neutrino Target Station January 2008 January 2008 J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint project btw. KEK & JAEA 10

11. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Beam delivery from RCS to MLF Beam power [kW] Availability [%] Accumulated beam power [MWh] Accumulated beam power (New target) [MWh] Beam Power [kW] Availability [%] Accumulated Beam Power [MWh] Stable operation of 275 kW successfully demonstrated 11 Design Intensity:1MW Design Intensity:1MW

12. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Delivered POT to Neutrino Facility (MR Fast Extraction) After earthquake, beam operation resumed in the same year, and physics run resumed within one year. Stable operation at ~190kW achieved, 1x10 14 ppp (1.26x10 13 x8b) is the world record of extracted protons per pulse for synchrotrons. 12 Delivered # of Protons Protons Per Pulse 1.43x10 20 pot until Mar.11,’11 3.01x10 20 pot Jun.9’12 1x10 14 ppp 6 bunches Rep=3.52s  50kW 8 bunches 3.2s  145kW 8 bunches 2.92  2.56s  ~190kW Physics Run resumed on Mar.8, 2012 Beam resumed on Dec.24,2011 [w/o horn operation] Dec.24,25, 2011 Jan 20-25, 2012 Run-1Run-2Run-3

13. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK High power operation in FX mode ( March 5 to June 9, 2012) Delivered beam power is limited by beam loss at the injection / collimator section. Ring collimator upgrade was being taken place during 2012 summer shutdown. The capacity is now enlarged to 2kW. 1ms average 10 µs average 200kW 100kW 1000W 400W 600W MR Power [kW] Beam loss [W] Mar.5 Jun.9 450W Capacity of Collimator 13

14. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 3. J-PARC Upgrade Plan 14

15. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 30mA 181MeV 50mA 400MeV LINAC Upgrade New accelerating structure, ACS, will be installed to increase the extracted beam energy from 181MeV to 400MeV New accelerating structure, ACS, will be installed to increase the extracted beam energy from 181MeV to 400MeV Front-end part (IS+RFQ) will be replaced to increase peak current from 30mA to 50m These installations are scheduled in 2013 shutdown Repetition: 25Hz, Pulse width: 0.5ms RF antenna colab.w SNS ACS, Annular Coupled Structure linac 15

16. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Power upgrade for Linac & RCS Power [MW] 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 JFY Original power upgrade plan of RCS to MLF Linac 400MeV Ion source, RFQ RCS 400MeV Inj. Realignm ent Fabrication, Offline test R&D, Fabrication, Offline test Installation, Beam test User operation, Power increase R&D, Fabrication, Offline test Budget for the Linac and the RCS upgrade is mostly secured. Revised plan We revise the power-up curve after the earthquake: shifted 6 months.

17. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK For Higher Beam Power in MR Fast Extraction Number of particles in one pulse is limited by the beam loss due to the space charge effect ~450kW is estimated upper limit with current apparatus To achieve higher beam power : 1. Higher beam energy than 30 GeV (Original plan) 2. Higher repetition rate than 0.4 Hz 17 Np=2.2 x 10 14 ppp Beam power: 435 kW at 30 GeV / 0.4 Hz Beam loss ~ 1.3 kW Acceleration Injection Time (s) Survival ratio 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 00.10.20.3 Tracking simulation of the MR fast extraction with space charge effect

18. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Magnet Saturation in the 50 GeV operation The saturation effect deteriorates the field quality of the main magnets Total magnet power consumption for 50GeV operation is x4 times larger than that for 30GeV. Considering the situation after the earthquake, the high electric cost is fatal disadvantage for the higher beam energy option. 18 Ratio of B-field for dipole magnets Ratio of total magnet power consumption Y(mm) ~30GeV 40GeV 50GeV 40GeV 30GeV P 50GeV = 2P 40GeV = 4P 30GeV 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96

19. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK For 1 Hz Operation 19 PS Building #3 PS Building #1 PS Building #2 FX/RF section Injection/collimator section (4) Upgrade of ring collimator section 2kW  3.5kW (1)Replacement of the magnet power supplies All the main magnet power supplies will be replaced with newly developed high rep./low ripple PS. A new PS building to be constructed. New PS Building (3) Upgrade of injection and extraction devices (2) Replacement of the rf cavities New magnetic core material, which has x2 times higher impedance than present one, is developed. 80cm T=2.5cm60kg Condenser bank For energy recovery SX section

20. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK The Medium-Term Plan of the MR-FX until 2017 We adopt the high repetition rate scheme to achieve the design beam intensity, 750 kW. Rep. rate will be increased from ~ 0.4 Hz to ~1 Hz by replacing magnet PS’s and RF cavities A new budget is needed for replacing MR main magnets. 20 JFY2011201220132014201 5 20162017 LINAC upgrade FX power [kW] 150200300400750 Cycle time of main magnet PS New magnet PS for high rep. 3.04 s 2.56 s2.4 s1.3 s Present RF system New high gradient rf system Install. #7,8Install. #9 Ring collimators Additional shields Add.collimators and shields (2kW) Add.collimators (3.5kW) Injection system FX system New injection kicker R&D Manufacture installation/test R&D Kicker PS improvement 、 Septum 2 manufacture /test LF septum, PS for HF septa manufacture /test Manufacture installation/test

21. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Project Review by MEXT 21 On March~May 2012, progress of the J-PARC project in the recent 5 years was evaluated by a review committee at Monka-Syo, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology in Japan (MEXT). An evaluation report was issued. The 5-year medium term plan (2013~2017) was endorsed by the review committee. For MR, scenarios for Multi-MW output beam power for neutrino experiment, are being discussed One of feasible schemes: Introduce 8 GeV emittance damping ring betw. RCS and MR The detailed scheme for the future MW proton driver is to be discussed in the next five years, to submit budget proposal to the government in 2018 or later.

22. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Doubled Rep.rate: Impact to Neutrino Facility ? Thermal shock will be reduced for equipments which are exposed to beam directly (Target, beam window, profile monitor, beam dump…) Cf. T2K Target: ΔT = 200K/spill @ 750kW, Safety factor = ~3.5 for original design  For doubled rep.rate option, ΔT = 100K/spill, Safety Factor= ~7 (?)  T.Nakadaira’s talk. Heat load for equipments will stay same. Cf. T2K Target: ~60kJ/spill @ 750kW Fatigue of horns will become more severe. Update of power supplies Reconfiguration of bus-bar & strip line layout  T.Sekiguchi’s talk 22

23. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 4. Summary T2K achieved 3.2  significance for  e appearance signal using 3x10 20 POT. 11 candidate events. Need more statistics. We can achieve 5 significance with ~8x10 20 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013. To going to precision  13 measurements and further CPV discovery, upgrade of J-PARC acc. is quite essential. Upgrade of J-PARC accelerators To increase #p/bunch Increase MR collimator capability (2012 Summer; done) Upto 450W  2KW loss LINAC frontend upgrade (2013 Summer) Ion source, RFQ : 30mA  50mA LINAC energy upgrade to 400MeV (2013 summer) To realize MR 750kW operation, doubled rep.rate option is chosen. Need to replace all magnet power supplies in ~5yrs Need higher gradient RF core. The mid-term plan is endorsed by the committee at MEXT. 23

24. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Backups 24

25. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Expected Contours Normal mass hierarchy (known)  Good sensitivity for CPV 7.5MW ・ years 5% systematics on signal, ν μ BG, ν e BG, ν/ν True points Reactor  13 exps.(1σ)

26. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 2% all syst σ true δ (π) High Sensitivity to CPV w/ <~5% sys. error 5% all syst 10% all syst 26 CPV Discovery Sensitivity 7.5MWyear sin 2 2θ 13 =0.1 normal MH 74% region of δ covered at 3σ w/ 5% sys. error (w/ Mass Hierarchy known)

27. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK On going R&Ds (1) - Power supply for main magnets- - A small scale prototype model is manufactured and testing in 2011/2012. - A real scale prototype for one of the quadrupole families will be manufactured and tested in 2012 and 2013. - Technical review committee meeting for the power supply R&D will be held in October 2 nd, 2012. -High rep rate (~1 Hz): Energy recovery using condenser bank -Small current deviation: Current feedback, voltage feed-forward, NPC chopper..

28. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK On going R&Ds (2) - MA (Magnetic Alloy) loaded rf cavity with higher shunt impedance - A type of MA cores, FT3L (made by Hitachi metals), which is processed by annealing with magnetic field, shows higher impedance than FT3M, the present core used in J-PARC synchrotrons. We have manufactured the real size core of FT3L for the rf cavity of the MR in the J-PARC site in collaboration with Hitachi metals. The FT3L core has the impedance approximately twice of the FT3M. FT3M: annealing w/o magnetic field FT3L: annealing w/ magnetic field The first manufactured real size FT3L core Diameter 80 cm, thickness 2.5 cm, weight 60 kg. Six FT3L cores are used at one gap of the cavity tank in the #9 cavity, which is installed in the 2012 summer shutdown. Frequency [MHz] µQf

29. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 3.0 GeV Inj: Ave Inj loss 3.2% (2.4 kW Inj loss for MR 750 kW) 3.2 GeV Inj: Ave Inj loss 1.5% (1.2 kW Inj loss for MR 750 kW ) Simulation of beam survival in the injection period of the MR for the RCS 1MW eq. beam (4e13 ppb) Injection energy and beam loss in the MR 3.4 GeV 3.6 GeV 6.0 GeV Beam survival ratio is drastically increased by higher beam momentum. Time [s] 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 Survival ratio 0.94 1.0 0.96 0.98

30. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Beta & Dispersion for 1-superperiod  x,y (m)  x,y (m) H & V s (m) Design of the 8-GeV BR : Lattice & parameters 8-GeV BR INJ+COLL RF CAVs EXT 3-GeV RCS8-GeV BR Circumference348.333 m696.666 m Super-periodicity34 Injection energy400 MeV3 GeV Extraction energy3 GeV8 GeV Repetition25 Hz Ramping patternSinusoidal Transition energy9 GeV15 GeV Harmonic number24 Number of bunches22 Momentum acceptance ±1% Ring acceptance486  mm mrad 189  mm mrad Collimator aperture324  mm mrad   mm mrad Parameters of the RCS and 8 GeV BR

31. Ver. 1.1 [Nov.06]NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK