2.  Escape from difficult conditions  Birds of Passage  Job opportunities Chinese: transcontinental railroad Japanese: sugar plantations

3.  New York immigration inspection station  European immigrants  Baggage room-> registry room ->Great Hall for examinations->legal interview  Foran Act

4.  San Francisco Bay  Asian Immigrants  Harsh conditions  Long detentions

5.  Melting Pot  Keep out the “undesirables”; southern and eastern Europe  Taking jobs (working for less pay), different religion, different culture  Immigration Restriction League  Chinese Exclusion Act  Gentlemen’s Agreement

6.  Migrated to cities  Americanization Movement assimilate

7.  Housing: tenements  http://images.google.com/images?sourceid=navclient&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2008- 21,GGLG:en&q=tenement+housing&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&ei=EQXXSvdzgd7xBurCtN4I&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQsAQwAA http://images.google.com/images?sourceid=navclient&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2008- 21,GGLG:en&q=tenement+housing&um=1&ie=UTF- 8&ei=EQXXSvdzgd7xBurCtN4I&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQsAQwAA  Transportation: mass transit  Water: limited access, no indoor plumbing  Sanitation: trash on streets  Social Gospel Movement  Settlement House Movement Jane Adams

8.  Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city and offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support  Local precinct workers & captains -> ward boss -> city boss

9.  William Marcy Tweed head of Tammany Hall  Tweed Scam  Thomas Nast

10.  Spoils system  Civil service administration  1880 Presidential Election: republicans split into 3 parties: Stalwarts, Half breeds, Independents