1. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology CEWIT 2009 Challenges of Applying Wireless Sensor Networks in Logistics Markus Becker Dipl.-Ing. University Bremen Shaoping Yuan, Reiner Jedermann, Andreas Timm-Giel, Walter Lang, Carmelita Görg

2. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 2 CEWIT 2009 Abstract Quality of food is mainly governed by the condition it is transported in. Wireless Sensor Networks have the potential to better control those transport conditions. When moving the Wireless Sensor Networks from a lab environment to transport processes in harbors and shipping facilities, several challenges have to be met.

3. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 3 CEWIT 2009 Biography Markus Becker University Bremen Markus Becker is with the Communication Networks Group at the University of Bremen as a Research Assistant and a PhD candidate. Currently he is involved in a German Research Project called CRC 637 'Autonomous Cooperating Logistics Processes'. His research interests include Wireless Sensor and Ad-hoc Networking, Simulation of Communication Networks and Applications of Telecommunication Networks.

4. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 4 Challenges: Propagation Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

5. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 5 Challenges: Autonomy Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomous Operation Ease of Deployment

6. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 6 Challenges: Illustration Web Interface Sensing Illustratio n

7. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 7 Challenges: Housing Housing Water Tight Food Safe

8. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 8 Challenges: Other Other Challenges

9. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 9 Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns Challenge: Propagation Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

10. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 10 Attenuation by Cargo Container with bananas was equipped with wireless sensors Base station could only receive 1/3 of all sensors Multi hop protocol required to access all sensor nodes Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

11. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 11 Single-Hop: LQI, PRR Link Quality Indicator (LQI)‏ Packet Reception Ratio (PRR)‏ Excellent:PRR > 0.95 Good:0.8 < PRR < 0.95 Fair:0.7 < PRR < 0.8 Bad:0.0 < PRR < 0.7 Excellent:LQI > 105.0 Good:100.0 < LQI < 105.0 Fair:95.0 < LQI < 100.0 Bad:0.0 < LQI < 95.0 Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

12. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 12 Multi-Hop: Neighborhood WSN nodes WSN basestation Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

13. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 13 Multi-Hop: Traceroute Packet routing is shown Red values are the received signal strengths Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

14. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 14 More Slides Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

15. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 15 Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

16. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 16 Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns

17. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 17 Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomou s Operation Ease of Deployment Challenges: Autonomy Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomous Operation Ease of Deployment

18. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 18 Communication Service Module NetworkManager updates CSM capabilities dynamically CSM feeds priorities into NetworkManager NetworkManager is (de-)activating device Wireless with encryption UMTS cards are plug and play Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomou s Operation Ease of Deployment

19. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 19 Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomou s Operation Ease of Deployment

20. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 20 Deployment CTU Gateway Wireless Sensors Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomou s Operation Ease of Deployment

21. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 21 Challenges: Illustration Web Interface Sensing Illustratio n Web Interface SensingIllustration

22. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 22 Web Interface SensingIllustration

23. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 23 Web Interface SensingIllustration

24. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 24 Web Interface SensingIllustration

25. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 25 RSS Feed Web Interface SensingIllustration

26. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 26 Challenges: Housing Housing Water Tight Food Safe

27. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 27 Housing 1st Generation: Card Boxes 2nd Generation Screwable Plastic Boxes 3rd Generation: Custom Made By Rapid Prototyping

28. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 28 Other Challenges Other Challenges

29. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 29 Further challenges Handle power-off of basestation in WSNs –Energy-efficiency –Re-synchronising of the BS to the synchronized network Debugging messages –Traceroute –Neighbors Other Challenges

30. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 30 Non-technical challenges Interference with industrial processes Customs and shipping Power adapters and voltages (220V/110V) Regulations (esp. 800/900 MHz bands) Other Challenges

31. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology 31 Summary Web Interface SensingIllustration Communication Service Module WSN Services Dynamicity in Logistics Autonomous Operation Ease of Deployment Radio Propagation Power & Energy Coverage & Topology Multihop Protocol Measurement Campaigns Other Challenges

32. Center of Excellence Wireless and Information Technology CEWIT 2009 Questions & Answers