1. Chapter 20 Respiration and Excretion

2. Section 1- The Respiratory System Breathing –The process in which air moves into and out of lungs. –Partly the results of changes in air pressure. Respiration –Digestive system supplies glucose from digestive food to the same cells. –The oxygen delivered to the cells is used to release energy from glucose. Why do cells need oxygen? –Cells need oxygen to release energy from glucose (cellular respiration).

3. Organs of Respiratory System Pharynx –Passageway for both food and air from nose to esophagus. Larynx –Airway to which your vocal cords are attached. –When you speak muscles tighten or loosen Epiglottis –Flap that covers your larynx when you swallow Trachea –Contains cartilage rings that prevent this tube from collapsing. –Lined with mucus membranes and Cilia that trap dust, bacteria And pollen

4. Air is carried into your lungs by two short tubes called bronchi. At the end of each bronchiole are Clusters of tiny, thin-walled sacs called Alveoli. Alveoli –Clusters of tiny, thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries. –Within the lungs, gas exchange Takes place between the capillaries And the alveoli

5. The diaphram is a muscle beneath your lungs that helps move air into and out of your body.

6. Nasal Cavity Pharynx Trachea AlveoliLung Bronchi Diaphram

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8. Emphysema –A disease in which the alveoli in the lungs enlarge. Lung Cancer –Inhaling the tar in cigarette smoke is the greatest contributing factor. Respiratory Disorders –Bronchitis –Emphysema –asthma

9. Section 2- The Excretory System Urinary System –Made up of organs that rid your body of wastes and control blood volume. Other excretory system includes –Digestive systems –Respiratory system –Skin –Urinary system Urine –Waste liquid containing water, salts, and wastes

10. Organs of Urinary System Kidneys –Organs that filter blood to remove wastes collected from all cells. All of your blood passes through your kidneys each day. The major organs of your urinary system are your kidneys. Nephrons –Made of cuplike structures and ducts –Filtering units of kidneys –Each kidney is made up –Of about 1 MILLION nephrons

11. Urine Collection and Release Ureters –Tubes that lead from each kidney to the bladder Bladder –Organ that holds urine until it leaves the body. Urethra –Carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

12. Aorta Kidney Renal Vein Ureter Bladder Urethra

14. Urinary Diseases and Disorders When waste products aren’t removed, they build up and act as poisons in body cells. Water that is not removed from body tissues builds up and causes swelling of the ankles and feet. A change in urine color can suggest kidney or liver problems