1. Slide 1 Chapter 10: Chemotropic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

2. Slide 2 No Oxygen = Glycolysis + Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)No Oxygen = Glycolysis + Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration) Oxygen = Glycolysis + Aerobic RespirationOxygen = Glycolysis + Aerobic Respiration Where we left off…

3. Slide 3 5 Stages of Aerobic Respiration 1.Glycolytic pathway 2.Pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA 3.The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle, Citric Acid Cycle, Krebs Cycle) 4.Electron Transport 5.Oxidative Phosphorylation

4. Slide 4 Mitochondrion

5. Slide 5 Mitochondrion

6. Slide 6 ATP Synthase

7. Slide 7 Pyruvate Oxidation

8. Slide 8 TCA

9. Slide 9 TCA Summary 2 Decarboxylations (released as CO 2 )2 Decarboxylations (released as CO 2 ) 4 oxidations (3 NADH + 1 FADH2)4 oxidations (3 NADH + 1 FADH2) 1 ATP generation1 ATP generation Remember: Cycle occurs twice for every molecule of glucose!Remember: Cycle occurs twice for every molecule of glucose!

10. Slide 10 TCA Regulation

11. Slide 11 Fats as an Energy Source Most fat stored as triglycerides (triacylglycerides)Most fat stored as triglycerides (triacylglycerides) Hydrolysis = separate glycerol from fatty acidsHydrolysis = separate glycerol from fatty acids GlycerolGlycerol Oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphateOxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate Enters glycolysisEnters glycolysis Fatty AcidsFatty Acids β oxidation to Acetyl CoAβ oxidation to Acetyl CoA Enters TCA cycleEnters TCA cycle

12. Slide 12 Proteins as an Energy Source

13. Slide 13 Electron Transport So far: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and TCA = 4 ATPSo far: Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and TCA = 4 ATP But don’t forget about the electrons on NADH and FADH 2But don’t forget about the electrons on NADH and FADH 2

14. Slide 14 Electron Transport Carriers FlavoproteinsFlavoproteins Iron-sulfur proteinsIron-sulfur proteins CytochromesCytochromes Copper-containing cytochromesCopper-containing cytochromes Quinones (Coenzyme Q)Quinones (Coenzyme Q)

15. Slide 15 Standard Reduction Potential

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17. Slide 17

18. Slide 18 ATP Synthase

19. Slide 19

20. Slide 20

21. Slide 21

22. Slide 22

23. Slide 23 Why Sometimes 36 ATPs? The two NADHs made during glycolysis have to get into the mitochondrial matrixThe two NADHs made during glycolysis have to get into the mitochondrial matrix Electron shuttle systems are usedElectron shuttle systems are used Malate-Aspartate ShuttleMalate-Aspartate Shuttle Uses NADH as intermediateUses NADH as intermediate Glycerol Phosphate ShuttleGlycerol Phosphate Shuttle Uses FADH2 as intermediateUses FADH2 as intermediate

24. Slide 24 Summary NADH = 10 protons (3 ATPs)NADH = 10 protons (3 ATPs) 10 NADH = 30 ATPs10 NADH = 30 ATPs FADH2 = 6 protons (2 ATPs)FADH2 = 6 protons (2 ATPs) 2 FADH2 = 4 ATPs2 FADH2 = 4 ATPs Glycolysis and TCA = 4 ATPsGlycolysis and TCA = 4 ATPs GRAND TOTAL = 38 ATPs (sometimes 36 – why?)