1. Final Exam Prep Use with corresponding Study Guide given in class

2. Who created the Sector model?

3. Homer Hoyt

4. Who created the Urban Realms model?

5. Hartshorn & Muller

6. Who created the Concentric Zone model?

7. E.W. Burgess

8. Who created the Multiple Nuclei model?

9. Harris & Ullman

10. What are Von Thunen’s rings, in order?

11. Around market in middle - 1st ring – dairy/perishables intensive agriculture 2 nd ring – managed forest / lumber & firewood 3 rd ring – extensive agriculture 4 th ring – livestock

12. What type of industries are resource – oriented?

13. Bulk-reducing Paper – close to trees (resources) because paper is cheaper to transport

14. What type of land dominates along the spine, between the CBD and the Mall of the Latin American model?

15. Upper Class, elite housing

16. Who came up with the Least Cost theory?

17. Alfred Weber

18. What are three parts of Least Cost Theory?

19. Minimize transportation costs Minimize labor costs Maximize economies of agglomeration

20. Who came up with the Central Place theory?

21. Christaller

22. Who first came up with “other side of the tracks” urban model?

23. Homer Hoyt’s Sector model

24. What are the main industries?

25. Primary – extraction – mining, fishing, agriculture, lumber Secondary – manufacturing / factories Tertiary – service

26. What type of map shows navigational routes?

27. Reference - Physical

28. What type of map shows boundaries between countries?

29. Reference - political

30. What type of land use dominates on the periphery of the Latin American model?

31. Squatter Settlements Disamenity sectors

32. What type of industries are market- oriented?

33. Bulk-gaining Soda industry; closer to market, since final product is heavier than resources needed to make

34. What are the criticisms of Christaller’s model?

35. Physical geography is important. Consumer behavior is based on more than economic considerations Cars have made long distance travel cheap and easy Multi-purpose shopping trips – often bypass closest location Internet makes it possible to shop from home

36. What geopolitical theory is the Nazi empire based on?

37. Ratzel’s Organic theory – needed more living space for Third Reich

38. Who believed that a great sea power would control the world?

39. Alfred Mahan – Great Britain – The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1660-1783)

40. 4 Factors of Statehood

41. States >>>>Nations/Countries Population Sovereignty Territory Government

42. Largest language family in the world?

43. Indo –European Latin – French/Spanish/Italian Germanic – English / German

44. Largest ethnic religion?

45. Hinduism Other smaller ethnic religions – Shintoism and Judaism

46. Fastest growing religion?

47. Islam

48. Largest globalizing religion?

49. Christianity 2 nd is Islam

50. Major assumptions of Von Thunen model?

51. There is only one market Minimizing costs is the goal of the model All points in model are equal distance from market (fixed transportation costs) Physical environment is uniform Farmers are market oriented

52. Large scale is to ______ land but _____ detail, while small scale is to ______ land but _______ details.

53. Large – lots of detail; less land Small scale – small details; lots of land

54. 5 Themes of Geography ??

55. Region – 3 types Location – 2 types Place – 3 characteristics Movement - diffusion Human – Environment Interaction – Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism

56. 4 Types of Thematic Maps?

57. Isoline Choropleth Proportional Symbol Dot Density

58. Early Geographers/ Cartographers??

59. Zheng He – compass Eratosthenes – “Beta” – circumference of the earth; first use of geography Ptolemy – grid system Aristotle – seasons

60. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

61. 1. Net migration amounts to only a fraction of gross migration. 2. Most migrants only go a short distance. 3. Migrants who do move far tend to choose big city destinations. 4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural residents. 5. Most international migrants are young adults. 6. Most migrants proceed step-by-step.

62. 7. Large cities tend to grow by migration, rather than by natural increase. 8. Major cause of voluntary migration is economic. 9. Females are more migratory than males within their country of birth, but males frequently venture beyond. 10. Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves. 11. The usual direction of migration is from agricultural areas to centres of industry and commerce.

63. Stages of the ETM?

64. 1 st – Pestilence and Famine 2 nd – Receding Pandemics 3 rd – Degenerative Diseases 4 th – Delayed Degenerative Diseases

65. Types of Migration?

66. Internal vs. International – Inside country vs. to another country Interregional vs. Intraregional – Different region vs. same region

67. What did Thomas Malthus believe?

68. Population increases exponentially, while food increases arithmetically

69. According to the DTM, what happens as countries industrialize?

70. Death rate and Birth rate both decrease over time

71. What are the parts of the language tree for English?

72. Trunk – Indo-European Branch – Germanic Limb – West Germanic Leaf – English

73. 2 Terms for Kurds & Palestinians?

74. Stateless Nation Multi-State Nation

75. Review Differences Between Subsistence Farming & Commercialized Farming

76. Review Notes on Von Thunen

77. Will need a number 2 pencil for scantron on day on Final