1. American City Life 1865-1900

2. What Were Some Changes to City Life In The Late 19 th Century (1800s)?

5. The Immigrant Dream

6. What are push/pull factors?

7. “old” immigrants – Northern & western Europe – 7,876,122 “new” immigrants- Southern & eastern Europe – 3,085,622 28,409 215,451

8. Push and Pull Factors

10. The New Colossus "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest- tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Emma Lazarus, 1883

12. Medical Inspections

13. Legal Inspections

14. You’ve arrived! Now what?

15. Immigrant Experience

16. Mulberry Bend, 1889

20. Dumbbell Tenement

21. POLL QUESTION #4

22. Men’s Lodgings

24. Women’s Lodgings

25. NYC Gangs

28. What Were Working Conditions Like For Immigrants?

30. What Is Nativism and why did it become prevalent?

31. Nativism Blamed immigrants for –problems in urban government (ie: political machines) –Bringing down wages –Doctrines of socialism, communism, anarchism American Protective Association (APA) Labor Leaders called for protection against foreign workers

32. Immigration Laws 1882: Restricted paupers, criminals, convicts 1882: Chinese Exclusion Act 1885: prohibited importation of workers under contract Eventually forbade: insane, polygamists, prostitutes, alcoholics, anarchists, people with contagious diseases 1917=Literacy test

33. The Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

36. Who are the people and organizations helping immigrants transition to life in America? Social Gospel=apply biblical teachings to problems associated with industrialization Advocated –abolition of child labor, –better working conditions for women, –one day off during the week, –right of every worker to a living wage. With the rise of the organized labor movement in the early 20th cent. the Social Gospel movement lost much of its appeal as an independent force. –many of its ideals were later embodied in the New Deal legislation of the 1930s. Salvation Army Church of Christian Scientists, Mary Baker Eddy YMCA

37. Jane Addams & Hull House A settlement house in Chicago

39. How did the United States Americanize and assimilate its immigrant population? By 1900 states were making a high- school education mandatory The number of teacher-training or Normal schools increased rapidly also Illiteracy rates dropped from 20% in 1870 to 10.7% in 1900 –Due to segregation & racism the illiteracy rate among non-whites was 44% in 1900

40. Higher Education Philanthropists donated over $150 million to found or expand universities –Leland Stanford founded Stanford Univ. –J.D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago –Rev. Christian Blinn, Blinn Memorial College, formerly the Mission Institute The Morrill Act of 1862 gave public land to states for universities, the A & M schools –In return these colleges provided services like military training