1. Transport

2. Transport Basics Passive transport –Substances move along the concentration gradient –no energy required Active transport –Substances move against the concentration gradient –requires energy

3. Passive Transport 1. Diffusion Things move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP190 3http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP190 3 http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biolo gy1111/animations/passive1.swfhttp://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biolo gy1111/animations/passive1.swf

5. Passive Transport 2. Osmosis Refers specifically to the movement of water Hypertonic refers to a HIGH solute concentration Hypotonic refers to a LOW solute concentration Isotonic means both sides are equal http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology111 1/animations/passive1.swfhttp://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology111 1/animations/passive1.swf http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/membrane/osfram1.htmlhttp://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/membrane/osfram1.html

8. If the solution is isotonic relative to the cell, then the solute concentrations are the same on both sides of the membrane and water moves equally in both directions A hypertonic solution has increased solute, and a net movement of water outside causing the cell to shrink. (plasmolysis) A hypotonic solution has decreased solute concentration, and a net movement of water inside the cell, causing swelling or breakage. (cytolysis)

9. Plasmolysis = cells shrinking due to exit of water

10. Cytolysis = cells exploding due to entrance of water

11. Passive Transport 3. Facilitated Diffusion The substance needs a “door” to get through the membrane http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/passive1.swf

12. Active Transport Moves substances against the concentration gradient Requires energy http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biolo gy/Biology1111/animations/active1.s wfhttp://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biolo gy/Biology1111/animations/active1.s wf

13. Endocytosis is a type of Active Transport Endocytosis brings large things into the cell http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biol ogy/Biology1111/animations/active 1.swfhttp://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biol ogy/Biology1111/animations/active 1.swf Phagocytosis is specifically bringing food into the cell

14. Endocytosis brings things into the cell. Exocytosis gets things out of the cell.

15. 1. Describe the direction of solute movement in passive transport and active transport. Passive transport: solute moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; active transport: solute moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

16. 2. What is the difference in energy expenditure between passive and active transport? Passive transport does not require energy; active transport always requires energy.