1. DR KAMRAN AFZAL STUDY SKILLS: Forget forgetting and do well at exams

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the session the students should be able to Explain the Neuro-physiological basis of memory Describe short and long term memory Explain the forgetting curve and use it in learning to increase retention Discuss strategies for increasing the retention

3. Overview 1.How can I remember all that I have studied? 2.How can I revise effectively?

4. How can I remember? 1. Use the whole brain 2. Learn actively and deeply 3. Revisit and repeat frequently 4. Use ideal conditions to facilitate learning 5. Use specific study techniques - chunking - grouping and storming - time management - mnemonics - mind mapping

5. 1. Use the whole brain

6. Colour Image Science Numbers Equations 1. Use the whole brain

7. What do we remember? 20% of what we read 30% of what we hear 40% of what we see 50% of what we say 60% of what we do 90% of what we read, hear, see, say and do 20% of what we read 30% of what we hear 40% of what we see 50% of what we say 60% of what we do 90% of what we read, hear, see, say and do

8. How can I remember? 1. Use the whole brain 2. Learn actively and deeply 3. Revisit and repeat frequently 4. Use ideal conditions to facilitate learning 5. Use specific study techniques - chunking - grouping and storming - time management - mnemonics - mind mapping

9. 2. Learn actively and deeply Don’t just read and close the book Try to do different things with what you have read immediately after writing draw flow charts draw diagrams using color attempt answering pass papers write a summary In short, interact with what you have learned

10. What will happen when we learn actively and deeply? We build neuronal connections by learning We will build more neuronal connections by active learning Scaffolding & schema building Neurones - limited; connections - unlimited

11. How can I remember? 1. Use the whole brain 2. Learn actively and deeply 3. Revisit and repeat frequently 4. Use ideal conditions to facilitate learning 5. Use specific study techniques - chunking - grouping and storming - time management - mnemonics - mind mapping

12. What happens when we revisit, repeat & revise? We strengthen the already built neuronal connections Scaffolding & schema building reinforced 3. Repeat and revisit

13. Repeat and revisit cont… Long term memory Short term memory 12 sec. RAM H- disc

14. 1. Learn actively & deeply 2. Revisit, repeat & revise Do not wait until you finish studying to revise. There is no special place of time to revise. Try to revisit and repeat at every given opportunity. How to shunt information from short term to long tern memory? Important points about revisiting & revision

15. How can I remember? 1. Use the whole brain 2. Learn actively and deeply 3. Revisit and repeat frequently 4. Use ideal conditions to facilitate learning 5. Use specific study techniques - chunking - grouping and storming - time management - mnemonics - mind mapping

16. 4. Use ideal conditions for learning Mammalian brain Reptile brain Neo-cortex Intellectual activity Emotions, pleasure, mood Interprets stress, anxiety & danger to survival Well lit, well ventilated, pleasant environment Frequent movement Good hydration

17. How can I remember? 1. Use the whole brain 2. Learn actively and deeply 3. Revisit and repeat frequently 4. Use ideal conditions to facilitate learning 5. Use specific study techniques - chunking - grouping and storming - time management - mnemonics - mind mapping

18. F B I P H D C I A M S C 5. Use specific study techniques Chunk, group & organize information Group and organize before storing F B I P H D C I A M S C

19. 11 5 8 4 15 25 89 65 53 68 70 99 85 80 75 Chunking 1. Effect of primacy 2. Effect of recency 5. Use specific study techniques 11 5 8 4 15 25 89 65 53 68 70 99 85 80 75

20. Long term memory Short term memory 5-7 slots Why is chunking and grouping important?

21. F B I P H D C I D M S C FBI CID PHD MSC

22. Time management Do not go on studying the same subject Why? Change subjects frequently - Doesn’t tax the same area in the brain - Helps moving around – reduces stress and improves concentration Draw up a timetable and stick to it 5. Use specific study techniques

23. Why? - Reduces the amount that needs to be remembered - Helps encoding, networking and schema building R O Y G B I V 5. Use specific study techniques Use mnemonics & memory triggers

24. Mind mapping Why? - Helps encoding, networking and schema building 5. Use specific study techniques

25. Summary Use the entire brain – images, color, diff. subjects Engage in deep & active learning Do not just read notes - do different things with the content that you study - connect with what you already know Chunk, group and organize information Revisit, repeat and revise Use ideal conditions – relaxed environment Manage time wisely Tools - Mnemonics; mind mapping; past papers; diagrams with color, animation

26. Finally, knowing all this is not enough! You must have two important characteristics to make the most out of these techniques 1.Commitment 2.Perseverance

27. I wish you all the best QUESTIONS ?