1. I. Building a German Nation Chapter 22 Section 1

3. I. Initial Steps Toward Unity AA. Early 1800s = Napoleon raids German lands Annexed land along Rhine River for France Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire by forcing the Austrian Emperor to be reduced to a king Organized states into the Rhine Confederation BB. First, Napoleon was welcomed in many states…why? Encouraged freeing serfs (1) Made trade easier between nations (2) Abolished laws against Jews (3) CC. Many Germans fought against French rule Wanted a Unified German State Why? Look at the map…

5. II. Napoleon is Defeated  A. German defeat of Napoleon did not resolve many issues At Congress of Vienna, Austrian, Prince Metternich pointed out that a United Germany would require dismantling smaller German states. Plus he preferred to keep the German state of Prussia weak! So, the German Confederation was created  Weak alliance, headed by Austria

6. III. Economic Changes Promote Unity  A. 1830s =In reaction Prussia creates an economic union called Zollverein Removed tariffs between German states Germany was still politically divided  B. 1848 = liberals in Frankfurt demand political unity of Germany Offered the “Throne of Germany” to Frederick William IV of Prussia who rejects their offer. WhY? It was offered by the people! He wanted it because it was his!!!

7. IV. Bismarck Unites Germany  A. Otto von Bismarck = conservative landowner in Prussia Served as a diplomat in Russia and France 1862 = King William I made him Prime Minister  Soon he became Chancellor (highest official in the monarch of Prussia)  Used policy of “blood and iron” to united German states under Prussian rule

8. V. Realpolitik  A. Realpolitik = realistic politics based on the needs of the state Power was more important than principles  B. Bismarck’s loyalty was not to Germany, but to the Hohenzollerns = the ruling dynasty in the Prussian monarch. William of Prussia. He wanted German unity to bring Prussia more power

9. VI. Strengthening the Army AA. Bismarck strengthened army in Prussia used $ set aside for other purposes BB. Used army to pursue an aggressive foreign policy Led Prussia into three wars in 10 years Increase in Prussian power paved the way for German Unification

10. VII. Prussia Declares War on Denmark and Austria  A. 1864 = Bismarck forms alliance with Austria  B. Prussia and Austria then seize provinces in Denmark and divide the land they conquered  C. 1866 = Bismarck invents an excuse to attack Austria Prussia defeats Austria in 7 weeks and seizes more territory, annexing North German states

11. VIII. France Declares War on Prussia AA. Prussian victory over Austria angered Napoleon III BB. Led to the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 CC. Bismarck portrayed the French as a menace to enhance nationalism in Germany DD. Napoleon III declares war on Prussia and is defeated in a matter of weeks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R bYQoxRFKus&feature=related

12. VIII. Birth of a German Empire  A. Victories over France: prompt princes from the Southern and Northern German Confederations to persuade William I to become Kaiser of Germany  B. 1871 = German nationalists celebrated the birth of the 2 nd Reich or empire Considered it to be heir to the Holy Roman Empire